Twenty-six species

Abstract:The hitherto poorly known, monotypic trilobite genus Fenestraspis from the Lower Devonian of Bolivia is revised and its original assignment to the Synphoriinae supported. The thoracic morphology of the genus remains very poorly known. Fenestraspis is morphologically unusual because of the development of extensive fenestrae in the pleural region of the pygidium and apparently of the thorax; the presence of upwardly directed spines on the cephalon, thorax and pygidium; and the exceptionally large and highly elevated eyes with the palpebral rim projecting outwards above the visual surface. The function of the fenestrae remains uncertain. If they formed openings in the body of the trilobite in life they may have allowed circulation of oxygenated water to the limb exites so that respiration could have been maintained while the trilobite was enrolled. If they were covered with a flexible membrane, they may have been secondary respiratory structures or had a sensory function. The Synphoriinae is regarded as a subfamily of the Dalmanitidae rather than as an independent family of the Dalmanitoidea as proposed by some authors. The type species of the poorly known monotypic genus Dalmanitoides from the Lower Devonian of Argentina is illustrated photographically for the first time and compared with Fenestraspis.

Holloway, D. J., 1 994. Early Silurian trilobites from the Broken River area, north Queensland. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 54: 243-269. A Late Llandovery (Telychian) trilobite fauna is described from the Poley Cow Formation in the Broken River Province of north Queensland. Taxa recorded are Kosovopeltis, Proetus (s.l), WarburgeUdl, Otarion, Mauwtarion, Seharvia, Youngia, Sphaerexochus, Sphaerocoryphe, Coronocephalus? aff. urbis Strusz, 1980. Ceratocephala, the new encrinurid genus Prpstrix, and the new species Prostrix amnicola, Batocarafritillum, Gravicalymenel vaccina and Gaotania bimusa. Youtlgia and Gaotania are recorded from Australia for the first time. Batocara Strusz, 1 980 is considered to be a senior subjective synonym of Pacifieurus Ramskold, 1986a.

ABSTRACT. The Monorakinae is a subfamily of the Pterygometopidae characterised by the fusion of L2 and L3 in the glabella. The resulting bicomposite lobe is expanded backwards to reach the occipital furrow, displacing L1 from contact with the axial furrow and causing the realignment of S1 to a markedly oblique orientation. The bicomposite lobe is commonly bounded adaxially by a longitudinal furrow containing three pairs of apodemal pits. The Monorakinae was probably derived from the Pterygometopinae, and includes the genera and subgenera Monorakos, Carinopyge, Ceratevenkaspis, Elasmaspis, Evenkaspis (Evenkaspis) and E. (Parevenkaspis), of which Carinopyge, Elasmaspis and Evenkaspis (Parevenkaspis) are known only from limited parts of the exoskeleton. Monorakines have a stratigraphical range of Caradoc±Ashgill. Their known geographical distribution in the Siberian Platform, Taimyr, the Russian Far East, and the Seward Peninsula of Alaska is restricted to areas that in the Ordovician were part of the palaeocontinents of Siberia and Arctida, which must have been connected or situated close together at that time. The occurrence of monorakines in the Taimyr Peninsula but their absence from Baltica does not support the suggestion of some workers that Taimyr was part of Baltica in the Ordovician.

The trilobite Reedops is documented from strata probably corresponding to the middle part of the Talacasto Formation in the Sierra de las Minitas, at the northernmost extent of the Precordillera in La Rioja Province, northwestern Argentina. The specimens resemble the type species of the genus, R. bronni, indicating a Pragian (Early Devonian) age for the strata, and suggesting the occurrence at this time of faunal exchange between the Old World Realm, particularly the Bohemian area, and the Malvinokaffric Realm. The taxon represents the first Early Devonian macrofaunal element in the Malvinokaffric Realm with global biostratigraphical significance.

The Lichida (informal lichide) comprises two families: the Lichidae (informal lichid) and Lichakephalidae (= Eoacidaspididae). A new interpretation of lichide glabellar morphology is given, based on ontogenetic data and comparative morphology of holaspides. No occipital lobe is developed but, in front of the occipital ring, L1 is divided into subsidiary lobes L1a and L1b. The large (bullar) lobe typically lying anterior to L1b originates from L2 fairly early in ontogeny and later expands forwards, apparently incorporating more anterior parts of the glabella as it does so. L1a, L1b and the bullar lobes may be variously fused with each other or with the fixigena. The Lichakephalidae certainly includes 4 genera, 2 further genera (1 new) being: included there with reservation, whereas 43 genera and subgenera (5 new) are recognized within the five subfamilies of the Lichidae. New diagnoses are given for all these taxa with a summary of their geographical and stratigraphical distribution and lists of the species included in each genus. The phylogeny of the Lichida is discussed and cladograms summarize the relationships of genera within each subfamily. The Lichida may be related to the Odontopleurida and may also have more distant affinities with the Scutelluina.

Aim: Telephone health behaviour change interventions have shown potential as a medium for change. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone behaviour change program on weight and physical activity. It was hypothesised that participants would achieve significant improvements in body mass index (BMI) and physical activity at the completion of the program and at follow up. Methods: A six-month health telephone behaviour change program was delivered by health professionals trained in health coaching methodology. Participants (n = 250) had two or more chronic disease risks, received five calls during the program and a follow up call 12-18 months after completion of the program. Results: The average participant age was 70, 72% were female and mean BMI was 28.90 kg/m 2 . Significant improvements in BMI were reported from baseline to post-intervention (−1.70% change) and from baseline to follow up (−1.21% change). Changes in weight were significant from baseline to post-intervention (−1.67% change) and not significant from baseline to follow up (−1.25% change). Significant changes in the average number of minutes spent in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) per week were reported between baseline and postintervention and post-intervention and follow up. From baseline to follow up, the average time spent in MVPA per week increased by 157 minutes. At follow up, 86% of participants maintained or further improved their health behaviour. Conclusions:The present study demonstrated the potential effectiveness of a low-dose telephone health behaviour change program in assisting participants to change and maintain their health behaviour.

No abstract