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This article examines the connectedness and information spillover in the Electricity‐Crypto Network (ECN) system. The Bitcoin and Ethereum markets are studied due to the level of electricity demand for active trading and mining in the three leading crypto mining economies (United States, China, and Japan). Among other findings, the leading net transmitter of information is the return of the Bitcoin market while the demand for electricity in the U.S. and Japan are the leading net information receivers in the ECN system. In a nutshell, the return and trading volumes of the cryptocurrency markets are net information transmitters while the markets' volatility and the demand for electricity in the U.S., China, and Japan are net information receivers in the system. As a policy relevance, given the favourable developments in these crypto markets, greener sources of electrical energy are expedient to mitigate emissions while mining these coins. This will reduce the impact of human activities on the climate.

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This study employs the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to ascertain the relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies in Nigeria using a quarterly time-series from 1981-2012. From our analysis, it discovered that monetary and fiscal policies both have significant positive impact income. This conforms to a priori expectation and we discovered that monetary policy effects income faster than fiscal policy. In the short run, monetary policy effects income more than fiscal policy but the reverse is the case for the long run. Total impact of fiscal policy is higher than that of monetary policy. This study supports the use of both policies to achieve change in income but this depends on the objective the authorities want to achieve.

This article examines the nature of information spillovers, in return and volatility, that exists between the full index stock of the Nigerian stock exchange (NSE) and the crude oil markets (Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil markets). We adopted the asymmetric VAR − MGARCH − GJR − BEKK model and found evidence of unidirectional return spillover from the Brent oil market to the NSE and a bidirectional return spillover between the NSE market and the WTI oil market. The response of the WTI market to a shock on the NSE market is rather short-lived. There exists strong evidence of a lead-lag relationship between the crude oil market and the NSE market wherein the crude oil market leads or drives the NSE market return fluctuations. For both crude oil markets, the Brent and the WTI markets, there exists a bidirectional volatility spillover between the NSE index and the crude oil markets, as well as significant asymmetric shocks. Practical policy implications and recommendations were made, based on the findings.