Magnetism in palladium has been the subject of much work and speculation. Bulk crystalline palladium is paramagnetic with a high magnetic susceptibility. Palladium under pressure and palladium nanoclusters have generated interest to scrutinize its magnetic properties. Here we report another possibility: Palladium may become an itinerant ferromagnet in the amorphous bulk phase at atmospheric pressure. Atomic palladium is a d 10 element, whereas bulk crystalline Pd is a d 10−x (sp) x material; this, together with the possible presence of unsaturated bonds in amorphous materials, may explain the remnant magnetism reported herein. This work presents and discusses magnetic effects in bulk amorphous palladium.

The first successful theory of superconductivity was the one proposed by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer in 1957. This breakthrough fostered a remarkable growth of the field that propitiated progress and questionings, generating alternative theories to explain specific phenomena. For example, it has been argued that Bismuth, being a semimetal with a low number of carriers, does not comply with the basic hypotheses underlying BCS and therefore a different approach should be considered. Nevertheless, in 2016 based on BCS we put forth a prediction that Bi at ambient pressure becomes a superconductor at 1.3 mK. A year later an experimental group corroborated that in fact Bi is a superconductor with a transition temperature of 0.53 mK, a result that eluded previous work. So, since Bi is superconductive in almost all the different structures and phases, the question is why Bi-IV has been elusive and has not been found yet to superconduct? Here we present a study of the electronic and vibrational properties of Bi-IV and infer its possible superconductivity using a BCS approach. We predict that if the Bi-IV phase structure were cooled down to liquid helium temperatures it would also superconduct at a Tc of 4.25 K.

Bismuth displays puzzling superconducting properties. In its crystalline equilibrium phase, it does not seem to superconduct at accessible low temperatures. However, in the amorphous phase it displays superconductivity at ~ 6 K. Under pressure bismuth has been found to superconduct at Tcs that go from 3.9 K to 8.5 K depending on the phase obtained. So the question is: what electronic or vibrational changes occur that explains this radical transformation in the conducting behavior of this material? In a recent publication we argue that changes in the density of electronic and vibrational states may account for the behavior observed in the amorphous phase with respect to the crystal. We have now undertaken an ab initio computational study of the effects of pressure alone maintaining the original crystalline structure and compressing our supercell computationally. From the results obtained we infer that if the crystal structure remains the same (except for the contraction), no superconductivity will appear.

All solid phases of bismuth under pressure, but one, have been experimentally found to superconduct. From Bi-I to Bi-V, avoiding Bi-IV, they become superconductors and perhaps Bi-IV may also become superconductive. To investigate the influence of the electronic properties N(E ) and the vibrational properties F(ω) on their superconductivity we have ab initio calculated them for the corresponding experimental crystalline structures, and using a BCS approach have been able to determine their critical temperatures T c obtaining results close to experiment: For Bi-I (The Wyckoff Phase) we predicted a transition temperature of less than 1.3 mK and a year later a T c of 0.5 mK was measured; for Bi-II T c is 3.9 K measured and 3.6 K calculated; Bi-III has a measured T c of 7 K and 6.5 K calculated for the structure reported by Chen et al ., and for Bi-V T c ~ 8 K measured and 6.8 K calculated. Bi-IV has not been found to be a superconductor, but we have recently predicted a T c of 4.25 K.

Using a 72-atom supercell we report ab initio calculations of the electronic and vibrational densities of states for the bismuth (111) bilayers (bismuthene) with periodic boundary conditions and a vacuum of 5 Å, 10 Å and 20 Å. We find that the electronic density of states shows a metallic character at the Fermi level and that the vibrational density of states manifests the expected gap due to the layers. Our results indicate that a vacuum down to 5 Å does not affect the electronic and vibrational structures noticeably. A comparison of present results with those obtained for the Wyckoff structure is displayed. Assuming that the Cooper pairing potential is similar for all phases and structures of bismuth, an estimate of the superconducting transition temperature gives 2.61 K for the bismuth bilayers.