analytical methods were used to obtain a large spectrum of major and trace element data, in particular, EPMA, SIMS, LA-ICPMS, and isotope dilution by TIMS and ICPMS. Altogether, more than 60 qualified geochemical laboratories worldwide contributed to the analyses, allowing us to present new reference and information values and their uncertainties (at 95% confidence level) for up to 74 elements. We complied with the recommendations for the certification of geological reference materials by the International Association of Geoanalysts (IAG). The reference values were derived from the results of 16 independent techniques, including definitive (isotope dilution) and comparative bulk (e.g., INAA, ICPMS, SSMS) and microanalytical (e.g., LA-ICPMS, SIMS, EPMA) methods. Agreement between two or more independent methods and the use of definitive methods provided traceability to the fullest extent possible. We also present new and recently published data for the isotopic compositions of H, B, Li, O, Ca, Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb. The results were mainly obtained by high-precision bulk techniques, such as TIMS and MC-ICPMS. In addition, LA-ICPMS and SIMS isotope data of B, Li, and Pb are presented.

Trace element compositions of olivine from 75 mantle rocks of diverse origin, including xenoliths from kimberlites, basaltic lavas and orogenic peridotites, were determined by laserablation ICP-MS to study systematic variations between mantle lithologies, partitioning mechanisms in olivine and the potential of olivine for geothermobarometry and petrogenic mantle processes. Samples were selected to provide a wide range of forsterite contents (89.1-93.4), equilibration temperatures and pressures (750-1450°C; 15-80 kbar). Trace elements in olivine can be divided into three groups. Group I elements (Ni, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Li) show small concentration ranges and olivine is the major host mineral. These are mostly divalent elements and have ionic radii close to that of Mg. Group II elements (Cr, Al, V, Sc, Ca, Na) show large concentration ranges, which are mainly controlled by the equilibration temperature of the host rock. The elements are strongly concentrated in coexisting mantle minerals (garnet, clinopyroxene, spinel) and show a narrow range of bulk rock concentrations. They fit less comfortably in the olivine lattice than Group I elements because of their charge or size. Differences between garnet and spinel-facies rocks are apparent for Al, Ca and Sc. Group III elements (Ti, Zr, Nb, Y) show large ranges of concentration in olivine as well as in co-existing minerals, and are strongly dependent on bulk rock contents. Concentration differences between olivine from garnet and spinel-facies rocks are apparent for all these elements. They are strongly incompatible in olivine and other rock-forming mantle minerals because of their charge or size. Various mantle lithologies can be discriminated using olivine composition. Spinel, garnet and garnet-spinel peridotites can be distinguished in olivine Sc-Zr and MnO-Al 2 O 3 diagrams, whereas volcanic olivine is distinguished by high Ca and Al contents (picritic olivine) or high Nb contents (kimberlitic olivine). Since concentrations of Group III elements in olivine are diagnostic of whole-rock contents they can be used to trace the petrogenetic history of the  with P in kbar, Al Ol the concentration of Al in olivine in ppm, and Cr# Ol is Cr/(Cr+Al) in olivine. This thermometer predicts the temperature with a residual of 15°C based on calibration with two-pyroxene and Al-in-Opx geothermobarometers (Brey and Kohler, 1990). Although calibrated using lherzolites only, the thermometer performs well for clinopyroxenefree harzburgites and even spinel peridotites. An alternative thermometer is presented for the case where the presence of Cr 2+ is expected, e.g., for olivine inclusions in diamonds. The geochemical and thermobarometric information recorded by olivine can be a useful tool in studies of the petrogenesis of lithospheric mantle, olivine xenocrysts in mantle-derived magmas, the formation of diamonds and diamond exploration using detrital olivine.

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