Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive microvascular disease considerer as the most important cause of acquired vision loss in the world. OCT angiography (OCT-A) has drastically improved the diagnosis and follow-up of DR showing alterations before changes in the fundus will be visible. With OCT-A, it is possible to quantify several parameters such as the macular vascular density (MVD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). This new technique will be important for early detection, follow- up, and monitoring treatment response. OCTA is a very promising image technique that is continually improving and offers numerous advantages over FA in DR management; nevertheless, there are technical limitations that must be improved.
Purpose To report keratoconus incidence in refractive surgery candidates and to compare their characteristics in scanning‐slit topography variables versus candidates with prolate corneas and a group with previous diagnosis of keratoconus. Methods All consecutive patients who underwent preoperative evaluation for refractive surgery in the last thirty‐six months were selected. Corneal scanning‐slit topography was performed in all the patients in the preoperative examination to detect patients affected by keratoconus and subjects with prolate corneas (K reading >47,2D). An additional group of keratoconic eyes was included. Age, gender, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior best fit sphere (aBFS), posterior best fit sphere (pBFS), steepest simulated K (SSK), flattest simulated K (FSK), and irregularity index at 3 and 5mm (II3, II5) were studied. Results A total of 1662 patients (3324 eyes) were included . Ninety‐six patients (190 eyes) had a steepest K reading higher than 47,2D and among them, 10 patients (20 eyes) were identified as keratoconus (0,6%). Keratoconus group included 182 eyes. Patients with prolate corneas (PC) were older (42,95 y± 9,6) than keratoconic candidates (KC) (38,22 y±11,39)(p<0,01) and keratoconus group (KG) (35,47y±11,5)(p<0,03). aBFS was higher in PC (44,94±1,38D) than KC (43,89±1,61D)(p<0,001) and than KG (44,31±1,97D)(p<0,03). II3 and II5 was lower in PC (1,54±1,38 and 2,85±7,2) than KC (4,48±2,94 and 10,43±2,1)(p<0,001) and than KG (5,18±2,69 and 6,1±4,17)(p<0,001). CCT was higher in PC (556,04±45,07 microns) than in KC (476,95±65,45 microns)(p<0,02) and than in KG (441,63±65,04 microns)(p<0,001) Conclusion Keratoconus prevalence in refractive surgery candidates is high and has a similar profile to KG.
Purpose To identify and to correlate epidemiological and scanning‐slit topographical variables of keratoconus in a homogeneous caucasian population from Valladolid, Spain. Methods Retrospective, cohort study of a group of keratoconic patients followed at the Ocular Surface Unit in the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid. Clinical records were reviewed to get information about: age, gender, central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior best fit sphere (aBFS), posterior best fit sphere (pBFS), steepest simulated K (SSK), flattest simulated K (FSK), mean k at 3 and 5 mm (M3, M5), irregularity index at 3 and 5mm (II3, II5) and topographical pattern in the keratometric map. Correlation analysis were made among the variables mentioned above. Results Two hundred and two patients were included, 116 men and 86 women. There were differences in CCT (p<0,001), TCT (p<0,001), aBFS (p<0,001), pBFS (p<0,001), SSK (p<0,001), FSK (p<0,001), M3 (p<0,001) and M5 (p<0,001) between men and women. There was no correlation between age and the other studied variables (p>0,05). The most prevalent topographic pattern was asymmetric bow tie with skewed radial axes (ABT SRAX) (34,1%), followed by inferior steepening (32,7%). The central nipple pattern presented the more advanced values in all the studied variables. Conclusion Keratoconus is more frequent in males, however, women revealed more advanced values in scanning‐slit topography variables. Sex could be a prognostic factor in the evolution of keratoconic patients from Valladolid.
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