Employees who reported that human resources were poorly managed in their work group and that changing work group procedures could make a positive difference also tended to report that the needed changes were not likely to occur. Periodic monitoring of management practices and the work group environment to point out needs and stimulate a concerted effort toward change is seen as necessary to avoid organizational decline.
A biographical inventory was constructed and administered to 312 nonart students and 501 art students in the areas of music, dance, theater, and the visual arts. The biographical inventory had significant average cross-validities against an art versus nonart criterion (.67, p < .01) and multiple art criteria (art sample only) both within and across artistic areas. A tentative conclusion was that prediction of art versus nonart potential and prediction of actual performance in the arts require different scoring procedures for the biographical inventory.Relatively little research has been conducted on the prediction of different criteria of performance in the arts (Anastasi, 1961). For those studies that have been conducted, however, results have been promising (Anastasi & Schaefer, 1969;Burkhart, 1962). Schaefer and Anastasi (1968), for example, demonstrated that biographical information could predict a "creative artistic" versus a "control artistic" dichotomous criterion for adolescent boys. No studies were found on the prediction of several different criteria common to different art areas.The present study examines the concurrent cross-validities of a biographical inventory developed to predict an art versus nonart dichotomous criterion as well as several different performance criteria for art students in four art areas (music, dance, theater, and the visual arts). It was assumed that two different biographical inventory scoring procedures would be required, one for differentiating between art and nonart potential and one for predicting actual performance in the arts. This assumption was tested by comparing the cross-validities against art performance criteria for both of the above scoring procedures.
METHOD SamplesThe biographical inventory was administered to 335 art students and 363 nonart students. Return
Two studies estimated the reliability of a biographical inventory (BI) by correlating scores from preexistent BI scoring keys with scores from empirically constructed BI scoring keys. Study I demonstrated that a preexistent scoring key, developed on National Aeronautics and Space Administration scientists to predict creativity, was correlated .87 (n = 294) and .91 (n = 296) with scoring keys empirically constructed to predict creativity for two samples of industrially employed scientists and engineers. Study II demonstrated that preexistent scoring keys, constructed on university freshmen to predict grade point average (GPA), were correlated .88 (for both 5,349 males and 5,897 females) with scoring keys empirically constructed to predict GPA for high school students. Test-retest reliability estimates and validity generalization estimates supported the above results.
TYPE OF RESULT
TYPE OF ANALYSIS
Cross-Xfnifi'li' Reliability estimated by validation Z ation" key equivalence
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.