Abstract. The dynamic behavior of clamped-clamped straight pipes conveying gas-liquid two-phase flow is theoretically investigated, specifically the effect of the flow parameters on the frequency of the system. First, the equation of motion is derived based on the classic Païdoussis formulation. Assuming EulerBernoulli beam theory, small-deflection approximation and no-slip homogeneous model, a coupled fluid-structure fourth-order partial differential equation (PDE) is obtained. Then, the equation of motion is rendered dimensionless and discretized through Galerkin's method. That method transforms the PDE into a set of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The system frequency is obtained by solving the system of ODEs by allowing the determinant to be equal to zero. System frequencies for different geometries, structural properties and flow conditions have been calculated. The results show that the system frequency decreases with increasing two-phase flow velocity. By contrast, the former increases with increasing homogeneous void fraction. These theoretical results are in agreement with experimental findings reported in the literature. Furthermore, even for typical two phase flow conditions, the system can become unstable for inadequate chooses of geometry or material of the pipe.
Abstract-Detecting code-switching points is important, especially with the increasing globalism and multilingualism. However, this is a challenging task, but with the help of computers and technology, this can be done easily. In this paper, an approach to effectively detect code-switching points in a Tagalog-English text input, especially those with alternating English and Tagalog words, is presented. The approach uses the frequency counts of word bigrams and unigrams from language models which were trained from an existing and available corpus. For the testing, 3 test data categories were used -twitter posts, conversations, and short stories. The test data were composed of a total of 3088 English and Tagalog words. The results show that the system's accuracy of properly identifying English and Tagalog words ranged from 81% -95%, while the F-measure ranged from 72% -95%. The research can be extended and improved using other n-grams, stemming, and searching algorithms.
IndexTerms-Code-switching point detection, intra-sentential code-switching, word bigram, word unigram.
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