Diabetes mellitus is a common risk factor for erythrocyte osmotic stress. This study was aimed at exploring the effect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus and salt-induced hypertension on osmotic fragility and hemorheological variables in male Wistar rats. Thirty male rats were grouped into five groups of six animals each as follows: negative control (zero salt in diet); positive control (normal salt diet - 0.3% salt); high salt diet (8% salt) (HSD only); STZ induced diabetes and normal salt diet (STZ only); STZ induced diabetes and high salt diet (STZ + HSD). At the end of a 4 weeks period, hematological variables, osmotic fragility, rheology and cardiovascular responses were assessed. There was an increase (p<0.05) in the mean arterial pressure and heart rate of HSD, STZ and HSD + STZ groups indicating a salt induced hypertension. There was a decrease in the body weight of STZ and HSD +STZ groups. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in the haematocrit, platelets estimates and fibrinogen concentrations in the experimental groups when compared with the controls. The STZ and STZ + HSD groups showed a reduced clotting time which corresponded to the increased platelet estimates and fibrinogen concentration. The increase in haematocrit, platelet and plasma protein resulted in the increased blood viscosity and a decreased flow rate. The osmotic fragility test was also observed to be increased (p<0.05) in HSD, STZ only and STZ + HSD groups. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension increase the rate of hemolysis of erythrocyte, as well as increase blood viscosity.
Background: Diabetes mellitus and anaemia are frequently reported to be associated with polycythemia in several studies. Furthermore, some studies also have linked polycythemia with hypertension. However, whether hypertension and diabetes comorbidity had polycythemia/erythrocytosis, thrombocythemia, or hyperfibrinogenemia is unknown. Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of polycythemia, thrombocythemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia in diabetic and hypertensive male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were categorized into five groups, each with six animals: negative control (zero-salt diet), positive control (standard salt diet – 0.3% salt), high salt diet – 8% salt (HSD only), Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes fed with normal salt diet (STZ only), and high salt diet with STZ-induced diabetes (HSD+STZ). Hematological variables and fibrinogen concentration were measured after a 4-week experimental period. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and a P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The heart rate and mean arterial pressure increased significantly in the HSD, STZ, and HSD+STZ groups, suggesting salt-induced hypertension. Compared to the controls, the STZ and HSD +STZ groups had significantly higher hematocrit, platelet estimate, and fibrinogen concentration. The STZ and HSD+STZ groups had a shorter clotting period, which correlated with higher platelet counts and fibrinogen levels. Compared to the controls, the HSD group had a lower platelet count and fibrinogen concentration, as well as a longer clotting time. Conclusion: This study suggests that polycythemia, thrombocythemia, and hyperfibrinogenemia are potential risk factors for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus.
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