No abstract

No abstract

In Formula 1 racing, there is a strong motive for reducing component weight and thereby improving efficiency. This paper demonstrates the advantages Additive Manufacturing brings to the production of hydraulic components. The Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) production technique enables weight reductions to be attained by its geometric design freedom coupled with this material's attributes. The use of EOS Titanium Ti64 material for hydraulic components has been assessed by a hydraulic soak test at 25 MPa and no significant losses or failure occurred. The benefits to the efficiency of hydraulic flow have been measured using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and the use of DMLS manufactured geometry has improved flow characteristics by 250% over that of the currently used techniques of manufacturing channels and bores.

The effects of pin elasticity, clearance, and friction on the stresses around the hole edge in a pin-loaded orthotropic plate are studied. Two pin stiffnesses, two clearance levels, two friction levels and two laminates, a (0/±45/90) s and a (02/±45) s are studied. The cir cumferential distribution of the stresses for a variety of cases are presented. The effects of pin elasticity, clearance, and friction on the load capacity of the plate are assessed by comparing the load capacity of the plate with the capacity when the pin is rigid, perfectly fitting, and frictionless. The maximum bearing and circumferential tensile stresses at the hole edge are used as indicators of capacity. The rigid, perfect-fit, frictionless case is chosen as a comparison case since this situation has been assumed in many previous studies of this type. The results indicate that clearance and friction significantly affect the distribution and magnitude of the stresses in a way that, in general, degrades the load capacity. Inclusion of pin elasticity increases the predicted load capacity slightly.

A 2-D optical scanner was developed for the imaging and quantification of up-converting phosphor (UCP) labels in immunoassays. With resolution better than 500 microm, a scan rate of 0.4 mm/s, and a 1-2% coefficient of variation for repeatability, this scanner achieved a detection limit of fewer than 100 UCP particles in an 8.8. x 10(4) microm(2) area and a dynamic range that covered more than three orders of magnitude. Utilizing this scanner, a microfluidic chip immunoassay for the cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was developed: concentrations as low as 3 pM (50 pg/mL) were detected from 100 microL samples with a total assay time of under an hour, including the 8 min readout. For this UCP-based assay, 2-D images of the capture antibody lines were scanned, image processing techniques were employed to extract the UCP emission signals, a response curve that spanned 3-600 pM IFN-gamma was generated, and a five-parameter logistic mathematical model was fitted to the data for determination of unknown IFN-gamma concentrations. Relative to common single-point or 1-D scanning optical measurements, our results suggest that a simple 2-D imaging system can speed assay development, reduce errors, and improve accuracy by characterizing the spatial distribution and uniformity of surface-captured optical labels as a function of assay conditions and device parameters.

No abstract

Up-converting phosphors promise simpler readout systems with less background at a given signal level than many other popular approaches. (To listen to a podcast about this feature, please go to the Analytical Chemistry website at pubs.acs.org/journal/ancham.)

No abstract