Peripherally located smaller HCC tumours are most likely to experience a > 90% or complete tumour necrosis after TACE. Surprisingly, arterial-phase enhancement and portal venous-phase washout were not significantly predictive of TACE-induced tumour necrosis. The TACE response was not statistically associated with improved survival.

Aims Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm composed of immature myeloid precursor cells thought to be a unique clinical presentation of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Like AML, MS has a poor prognosis, but due to the rare nature of MS there are limited studies examining potential prognostic factors. We report our institutional experience, with the aim of investigating and establishing salient clinicopathological and molecular features of MS. Methods and results We retrospectively examined all clinicopathological and molecular data on MS patients between 2001 and 2017 from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) electronic medical records. The UAB electronic medical records were also reviewed and compared with the literature for other potential prognostic factors. Sixty‐three patients were included in the study. The median overall survival was 24 months in the group with normal karyotype and 12 months in patients with an abnormal karyotype. Conclusions We found that an abnormal karyotype was associated with a statistically significant worse prognosis.

The requirement for repeat TACE is associated with older age, increased HCC tumour burden and subtotal TACE-induced HCC necrosis. Importantly, repeat TACE was not associated with reduced survival.

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A 30-year-old woman at 33.4 weeks of gestation who had a history of gestational diabetes was admitted for acute epigastric pain and respiratory distress. On admission, her triglyceride (TG) level was 7716 mg/dL, total cholesterol was 1638 mg/dL, lipase was 349 U/L, and amylase was 208 U/L; thus, she was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Because pharmacologic treatment options for hypertriglyceridemia are limited in pregnancy, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed emergently to acutely decrease the level of TGs in the Labor and Delivery Unit, with full support from the Obstetrical Service in case emergency delivery was necessary ( Fig. A shows her lipemic plasma compared with nonlipemic plasma from a control patient in Fig. B). Briefly, the plasma component containing TG is separated extracorporeally by centrifugation and is replaced by 5% albumin as the replacement fluid, as in this case. Other inflammatory cytokines may also be removed during the process. 1 Furthermore, several changes during pregnancy should be considered. For example, plasma volume (PV) can increase by 10 to 15% by the second half of the first trimester, further expanding through 30 to 34 weeks; therefore, accounting for this fact, we calculated the blood volume based on Nadler's formula and exchanged 1.5 PVs in this patient. [2][3][4] Low resistance in the uteroplacental circulation and other vessels contributes to a total decline in vascular resistance, so replacement fluids should be readily available for procedure-induced hypotension, if needed. 5 Finally, although heparin may release lipoprotein lipase that enhances TG clearance, and although pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state, we elected to use citrate as the anticoagulation during TPE, because the procedure also removes coagulation factors and thus may predispose the patient to an increased bleeding risk. 6 After two procedures, her TGs decreased to 750 mg/dL. She was then started on a low-fat diet and omega-3-acid ethyl esters for lipid control for the remainder of her pregnancy, with a goal TG <1000 mg/dL. Another TPE was performed 16 days later, because her TGs had increased to 974 mg/dL (Fig. C shows the relationship between TG level and TPEs). She From the

Benign prostate glands with radiation atypia show diffuse positivity for GATA3. This staining pattern, along with the cytological atypia resulting from radiation, can mimic urothelial carcinoma.

TACE appears to be equally efficacious in cirrhotic patients regardless of their Child's classification based upon equivalent mRECIST measures of tumour necrosis. However, inferior survival after TACE was observed in the Child's B/C group.

Background The strategy of evaluating every donation opportunity warrants an investigation into the financial feasibility of this practice. The purpose of this investigation is to measure resource utilization required for procurement of transplantable organs in an organ procurement organization (OPO). Methods Donors were stratified into those that met OPTN-defined eligible death criteria (ED Donors, n=589) and those that did not (NED Donors, n=703). Variable direct costs and time utilization by OPO staff for organ procurement were measured and amortized per organ transplanted using permutation methods and statistical bootstrapping/resampling approaches. Results More organs per donor were procured (3.66 ± 1.2 vs. 2.34 ± 0.8, p<0.0001) and transplanted (3.51 ± 1.2 vs. 2.08 ± 0.8, p<0.0001) in ED donors compared to NED donors. The variable direct costs were significantly lower in NED donors ($29,879.4 ± 11590.1 vs. $19,019.6 ± 7599.60, p<0.0001). In contrast, the amortized variable direct costs per organ transplanted were significantly higher in the NED donors ($8,414.5 ± 138.29 vs. $9,272.04 ± 344.56, p<0.0001). ED donors where thoracic organ procurement occurred were 67% more expensive than in abdominal-only organ procurement. The total time allocated per donor was significantly shorter in NED donors (91.2 ± 44.9 hours vs. 86.8 ± 78.6, p=0.01). In contrast, the amortized time per organ transplanted was significantly longer in the NED donors (23.1 ± 0.8 hours vs. 36.9 ± 3.2, p<0.001). Discussion The variable direct costs and time allocated per organ transplanted is significantly higher in donors that do not meet the eligible death criteria.