Meeting the ever increasing demand for transmission capacity in wireless networks will require evolving towards higher regions in the radiofrequency spectrum, reducing cell sizes as well as resorting to more compact, agile and power efficient equipment at the base stations, capable of smoothly interfacing the radio and fiber segments. Photonic chips with fully functional microwave photonic systems are promising candidates to achieve these targets. Over the last years, many integrated microwave photonic chips have been reported in different technologies. However, and to the best of our knowledge, none of them have fully integrated all the required active and passive components. Here, we report the first ever demonstration of a microwave photonics tunable filter completely integrated in an Indium Phosphide chip and packaged. The chip implements a reconfigurable RF-photonic filter, it includes all the required elements, such as lasers, modulators and photodetectors, and its response can be tuned by means of control electric currents. This demonstration is a fundamental step towards the feasibility of compact and fully programmable integrated microwave photonic processors.Emerging information technology scenarios, such as 5G mobile communications and Internet of Things (IoT), will require a flexible, scalable and future-proof solution capable for seamlessly interfacing the wireless and fiber segments of communication networks [1,2,3]. Microwave photonics (MWP) [4,5],the interdisciplin ary approach that combines radiofrequency and photonic systems, is the best positioned technology to achieve this target. A very relevant example is 5G wireless communications, which targets an extremely ambitious range of requirements including [6,7], a 1000-fold increase in capacity, connectivity for over 1 billion users, strict latency control, as well as network flexibility via agile software programming. These objectives call for a paradigm shift in the access network to incorporate smaller cells, exploit the millimeter wave regions of the radiofrequency spectrum and implement massive multiple-input multiple-output at the base stations (BTSs) [7]. The successful integration of the wireless and fiber segments thus relies on the possibility of implementing agile and reconfigurable MWP subsystems, featuring broadband operation, as well as low space, weight and power consumption metrics. The solution consists in resorting to integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) [8,9] chips allocated either in the BTS and/or the central office in combination with radio over fiber transmission in the fiber segment connecting them [10,11]. The two fundamental issues to be solved in IMWP are related respectively to technology and architecture. First, there is the need to identify the best material platform where to implement MWP chips. Second, whether it would be better to follow an application specific photonic integrated circuit (ASPIC) approach, where a specific architecture is employed to implement a specific functionality, or to resort to a ...
Offering open-access silicon photonics-based technologies has played a pivotal role in unleashing this technology from research laboratories to industry. Fabless enterprises rely on the open-access of these technologies for their product development. In the last decade, a diverse set of open-access technologies with medium and high technology readiness levels have emerged. This paper provides a review of the open-access silicon and silicon nitride photonic IC technologies offered by the pilot lines of European research institutes and companies. The
Random number generators are essential to ensure performance in information technologies, including cryptography, stochastic simulations and massive data processing. The quality of random numbers ultimately determines the security and privacy that can be achieved, while the speed at which they can be generated poses limits to the utilisation of the available resources. In this work we propose and demonstrate a quantum entropy source for random number generation on an indium phosphide photonic integrated circuit made possible by a new design using two-laser interference and heterodyne detection. The resulting device offers high-speed operation with unprecedented security guarantees and reduced form factor. It is also compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology, opening the path to its integration in computation and communication electronic cards, which is particularly relevant for the intensive migration of information processing and storage tasks from local premises to cloud data centres.http://dx
With the rapid development of the modern communication systems, radar and wireless services, microwave signal with high-frequency, high-spectral-purity and frequency tunability as well as microwave generator with light weight, compact size, power-efficient and low cost are increasingly demanded. Integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) is regarded as a prospective way to meet these demands by hybridizing the microwave circuits and the photonics circuits on chip. In this article, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an integrated optoelectronic oscillator (IOEO). All of the devices needed in the optoelectronic oscillation loop circuit are monolithically integrated on chip within size of 5×6cm. By tuning the injection current to 44 mA, the output frequency of the proposed IOEO is located at 7.30 GHz with phase noise value of -91 dBc/Hz@1MHz. When the injection current is increased to 65 mA, the output frequency can be changed to 8.87 GHz with phase noise value of -92 dBc/Hz@1MHz. Both of the oscillation frequency can be slightly tuned within 20 MHz around the center oscillation frequency by tuning the injection current. The method about improving the performance of IOEO is carefully discussed at the end of in this article.
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