gamma-Glutamyl L-dopa, a renal pro-drug for dopamine, was administered to rats before and after injection of glycerol, and to a control group which received water in place of glycerol. A third group of rats was given glycerol but no gamma-glutamyl L-dopa. The plasma creatinine in rats given gamma-glutamyl L-dopa and glycerol was significantly lower than in rats receiving glycerol alone. The fall in urine creatinine excretion, and polyuria, after glycerol was reduced by gamma-glutamyl L-dopa and the natriuresis abolished. gamma-Glutamyl L-dopa given alone caused a 4000-fold increase in urine dopamine excretion, associated with a natriuresis. The administration of gamma-glutamyl L-dopa reduces the severity of renal failure produced by glycerol.
SUMMARYThis article describes the requirements for a system of evaluating the quality of the environment on long-stay wards for elderly demented patients. For the purposes of the study, environment is defined as the physical and social conditions on the ward. A review of available measures of environmental quality is provided. The creation of six rating scales to assess environmental quality is described including tests of their reliability and validity. Problems encountered during the development of the rating scales are discussed.
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