These texts have been produced at a time when research into [inter]national student mobilities is itself in a state of transition. Many studies previously examined the physical

In this paper, I explore an important aspect of Irish youth migration, in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, namely the mobility intentions of tertiary‐educated youth during the recent economic crisis. Building on prior work that I completed in 2007, I conducted quantitative and qualitative research with a total of 400 university students in Dublin, Belfast and Cork during 2010. Analysis of the data reveals that the majority of these young people (62%) intend to leave Ireland in the future, moving predominantly to other English‐language speaking countries, with such plans being more prevalent in the Republic of Ireland (72%) compared to Northern Ireland (52%). Further quantitative analysis and a series of qualitative interviews help explain what has influenced the mobility decision‐making of these young people. The results emphasize the importance of factors such as parental occupational background and locality, as well as the role of family relationships in encouraging and discouraging mobility. The impact of the economic crisis is, however, less clear, with the mobility intentions of young people planning to migrate tending to be influenced more by personal than economic considerations.

This article examines orientations towards future geographical mobility amongst a sample of young people in Northern Ireland presently studying at third level educational institutions. Following contextualisation of youth mobility and immobility, particularly as pertaining to students, results of recent quantitative and qualitative research are presented. What is revealed is that over half of these young people, 55%, see themselves living outside Northern Ireland at some point in the future. Furthermore, in response to a number of statements on family relationships, peer associations and community attachments, young people with intentions to live outside Northern Ireland in the future are not only more positively predisposed towards trans-national mobility but also have families who may support their migration intentions. These potentially mobile young people are also more likely to have peers and siblings with prior experience of geographical mobility and show signs of being less deeply attached to their local communities. A number of qualitative case studies are subsequently presented in order to illustrate the range of different mobility orientations within the sample, including both potential migrants and those more averse towards such movements.2

Three techniques for measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of cultured cells relevant to the development of bioartificial liver devices are reported. In an oxystat apparatus, HepG2 cells immobilised on Cytodex 3 microcarriers at a concentration of 10(6) cells ml-1 had a mean OCR of 0.7 nmol s-1/10(6) cells. The OCR decreased with increasing cell density, a characteristic previously reported for other cell lines. Rat hepatocytes immobilised on single collagen layers in a flow cell and challenged with ammonia had a mean OCR of 0.59 nmol s-1/10(6) cells. A novel two-compartment oxystat system was used to determine the OCR of rat hepatocytes during the attachment phase. OCR declined from 1.0 nmol s-1/10(6) immediately after seeding to 0.7 nmol s-1/10(6) cells at nine hours. The low OCR for HepG2 reflects loss of certain oxygen dependent metabolic pathways. The OCR measured for rat hepatocytes during and post-attachment are significantly higher than those reported elsewhere and have major implications for the development of bioartificial liver devices.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

In this article, we look at an example of student migration between Asia and Europe: movement between China and Norway, with the main objective of illustrating the value of studying in Norway to career development upon return to the sending country. Adapting terminology associated with Bourdieu, we discuss this experience as ‘mobility capital’, exploring the value of skills and capacities acquired while abroad in career success. Evidence is drawn from a recent qualitative study of former student migrants from across China, all of whom had previously studied in Norway at Master’s degree level. Analysis of our material demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of what we term Norwegian ‘mobility capital’, with discussion of these outcomes organized using two heuristic categories: ‘Hai Gui’, a term that refers to a returnee experiencing career success, and ‘Hai Dai’, which relates to returnees who cannot find a secure job upon return.