The benefits of data sharing are well-established and an increasing number of policies require that data be shared upon publication of the main study findings. As data sharing becomes the new norm, there is a heightened need for additional resources to drive efficient data reuse. This article describes the development and implementation of the Data and Specimen Hub (DASH) by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) to promote data sharing from NICHD-funded studies and enable researchers to comply with NIH data sharing policies. DASH’s flexible architecture is designed to archive diverse data types and formats from NICHD’s broad scientific portfolio in a manner that promotes FAIR data sharing principles. Performance of DASH over two years since launch is promising: the number of available studies and data requests are growing; three manuscripts have been published from data reanalysis, all within two years of access. Critical success factors included NICHD leadership commitment, stakeholder engagement and close coordination between the governance body and technical team.
This article describes a voice output module in use for one year by a blind computer programmer for reading messages, programs, and files. This module consists of a speech-by-rule program running in a microcomputer and a speech synthesizer. The program translates all printable text destined for a user into basic consonant and vowel sounds called phonemes. Commands to enunciate these phonemes are sent to a speech synthesizer, which in turn produces synthetic English speech that is generally intelligible and acceptable to programmers. The voice output module is plugged in between a typical computer terminal and its link with either a local or remote computer. Extensive text review and voice output controls are incorporated into the module to aid in computer programming.
The construction and use of two polyvinyl chloride, solid-state membrane ion-selective electrodes, one selective to tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) [to measure membrane potential (ΔΨ)] and the other selective to salicylate ion [to measure the pH gradient (ΔpH)], are described. A reaction vessel is fitted with these two electrodes plus a pH and an oxygen electrode. The signals from all four electrodes pass through an electronic interface to a microcomputer which filters out noise, corrects for relaxation time delay of electrodes as needed, converts the raw readings to real time kinetic values for rate of oxygen uptake, rate of proton extrusion, ratio of protons extruded per atom of oxygen consumed, membrane potential, the pH gradient across the membrane and the proton motive force. These values are continuously updated every 90 ms and passed to a multipen recorder for observation.
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