No abstract

No abstract

A bacterial isolate, strain perclace, was shown to reduce the ground water contaminant perchlorate (ClO−4) to levels <0.005 mg L−1 when grown on acetate under anaerobic conditions. The ability of perclace to simultaneously reduce perchlorate and another ground water pollutant, nitrate (NO−3), was examined in batch studies and in a sand‐packed column under saturated flow conditions. Nitrate removal was monitored using ion chromatography, and perchlorate removal was monitored using a perchlorate specific electrode or ion chromatography, depending on the study. In batch studies, the reduction of 0.089, 0.92, 12.0, and 122 mg L−1 perchlorate was examined in the presence and absence of 62 mg L−1 NO3. Perchlorate was reduced more rapidly in the absence of NO−3 than in its presence. However, both perchlorate and NO−3 were reduced by more than 10‐fold within 48 h. A sand‐packed column (2.8 by 14 cm) inoculated with perclace simulated a flow‐through biotreatment system for water contaminated with a low level of perchlorate (0.130 mg L−1) and a much higher level of NO3 (125 and 20 mg L−1). Biotreatment could reduce perchlorate to <0.005 mg L in a 3 h residence time. The addition of NOr initially decreased the efficiency of perchlorate removal, however within 1 d the biotreatment system had adjusted such that there was complete removal of perchlorate and the reduction of NO−3 to <1 mg L−1.

The cumulative incidence of uveitis in JRA varies according to geographic location, presence of ANA, type of JRA onset and gender. Uveitis, adverse visual outcome, and complications in JRA are less frequent than commonly accepted.