The Greek intellectual Thucydides has been widely identified by scholars of international relations as prefiguring twentieth century Realist thought. This appropriation fails to locate particular aspects of Thucydides' writing within the overall narrative structure of The Peloponnesian War. The narrative structure is in the form of a tragedy. Thucydides was critical of the excessive and unrestrained nature of Athenian and Hellenic conduct during the war. By taking up specific themes including the dominance of reason by the passions, the eclipse of logos by ergon, and the decline of nomos, he expressed this critique in a tragic form. In the end, an unrestrained Athens reached for Sicily and suffered Nemesian retribution in the form of ignominious defeat. To claim Thucydides as a precursor to Realist thought, therefore, is peculiar, and has the character of enlisting a critique of excess and immoderation on behalf of an intellectual discourse altogether lacking in reasoned moderation.
Spontaneous playback refers to involuntary, sometimes insistent **replay" in the mind of the second language being acquired. Anecdotal data led Krashen to hypothesize that thisphenomenon is a result of stimulation of the language acquisition device. The present study surveyed 160 foreign and second language students to enlarge the data base. It was found that spontaneous playback is widespread. The data were consistent with Krashen ' s hypothesis and with the Monitor theory; therefore, it isconcluded that thephenomenon is of interest to theprofmion and merits further investigation.
AcknowledgmentsThe author gratefully acknowledges the suggestions and comments of Vincent A. Lacey, Dennis W.
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