Evaluation of mass transport of entrained material in groundwater flow systems is typically focused on two primary areas, dissolved organic or inorganic species, and flowing free phase liquids. However, although generally not as dominant overall, the movement of small particles in groundwater can cause problems at the low concentrations required by regulatory limits. In addition, the proponents of
in situ
bioaugmentation, through injection of bacteria, must rely on successful particulate mass transport through the saturated soil matrix.
Phytoremediation is a remediation method that uses what is in essence enhanced natural attenuation for cleanup. There are a variety of phytoremediation methods, some having multiple names: phytostabilization, rhizodegradation (phytostimulation, rhizosphere bioremediation, or plant‐assisted bioremediation), rhizofiltration (contaminant uptake), phytodegradation (phytotransformation), phytovolatilization, and Phytoaccumulation (phytoextraction or hyperaccumulation). Various types of plants can be used in phytoremediation, including poplar trees, alfalfa, black locust, Indian mustard, fescue grass, crested wheatgrass, and Canada wild rye.
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