A four-factor model of spiritual intelligence is first proposed. Supportive evidence is reviewed for the capacities of critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, and conscious state expansion. Based on this model, a 24-item self-report measure was developed and modified across two consecutive studies (N = 619 and N = 304, respectively). The final version of the scale, the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24), displayed excellent internal reliability and good fit to the proposed model. Correlational analyses with additional measures of meaning, metapersonal self-construal, mysticism, religiosity, and social desirability offer support for construct and criterion-related validity. According to both intelligence criteria and current psychometric standards, findings validate the proposed model and measure of spiritual intelligence. Future directions are discussed.

One facet of the growing social media phenomenon is the opportunity to directly appeal to prospective research participants. An example of this is Facebook advertising to defined populations. In conjunction with online data collection, social media advertising can simplify and accelerate data collection, and it can do so at greatly reduced costs. Thanks to these contemporary tools, responses can be collected at the same time from participants living in Vancouver, Toronto, and St. John's. In this article, we describe how social media can be used for rapid and cost-effective data collection. Moreover, these methods allow researchers to directly access prospective study participants who may be otherwise difficult to reach (because of their low prevalence, their remote location, or organisational barriers). For illustrative purposes, we review methods from 2 studies: 1 of older adults with bipolar disorder and 1 of Canadian paramedics and their spouses. In both cases, participants clicked sociodemographically targeted Facebook advertisements and were directed to online study questionnaires. Based primarily on these 2 lines of research, we offer recommendations and best practices for researchers interested in utilizing social media for online recruitment and data collection. We contend that in many instances, social media may be the most effective means to recruit participants from low-prevalence and invisible populations. The majority of Canadians, and indeed much more of the world population than was previously accessible, can be reached via social media today. In addition to offering strategies to improve participant communication, we also review the limitations of social media advertising and online research.

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A four-factor model of spiritual intelligence is first proposed. Supportive evidence is reviewed for the capacities of critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, and conscious state expansion. Based on this model, a 24-item self-report measure was developed and modified across two consecutive studies (N = 619 and N = 304, respectively). The final version of the scale, the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24), displayed excellent internal reliability and good fit to the proposed model. Correlational analyses with additional measures of meaning, metapersonal self-construal, mysticism, religiosity, and social desirability offer support for construct and criterion-related validity. According to both intelligence criteria and current psychometric standards, findings validate the proposed model and measure of spiritual intelligence. Future directions are discussed.

Given evidence suggesting a detrimental effect of occupational stress on sleep, it is important to identify protective factors that may ameliorate this effect. We followed 87 paramedics upon waking and after work over 1 week using a daily diary methodology. Multilevel modeling was used to examine whether the detrimental effects of daily occupational stress on sleep quality were buffered by perceived social support availability. Paramedics who reported more support availability tended to report better quality sleep over the week. Additionally, perceived support availability buffered postworkday sleep from average occupational stress and days of especially high occupational stress. Perceived support availability also buffered off-workday sleep from the cumulative amount of occupational stress experienced over the previous workweek. Those with low levels of support displayed poor sleep quality in the face of high occupational stress; those high in support did not show significant effects of occupational stress on sleep. (PsycINFO Database Record