En México, a pesar de que organismos como la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), junto con instituciones federales como la Secretaría de Economía y la Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, promueven y financian la implementación de métodos para la gestión de la productividad en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPyMES), estos no perduran más allá de tres meses desde el término de su adopción en las organizaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un método para la gestión de la productividad de las organizaciones enmarcado en el aprendizaje organizacional con alta perdurabilidad. Desde el paradigma cualitativo, y a través de la investigación-acción, se desarrolló el programa para la gestión del aprendizaje organizacional y la productividad (PROGAP).
Como reação ao efeito deletério social oportunizado pelo Estado Liberal, ergue-se o modelo de Estado Social, que intervém na economia para promover o bem-estar social, propiciando prestações positivas do Estado visando corrigir as desigualdades e injustiças produzidas pelo sistema capitalista. Mas infelizmente o processo de dominação do capitalismo permanece resistente e se fortalece diante do défice das democracias representativas, sendo que além de prejudicar as pautas de interesse público, muitas vezes neutralizam os instrumentos institucionais de correção das desigualdades sociais. Por tudo isso, utilizando-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, o presente estudo elaborado através de pesquisa bibliográfica, objetiva compreender se o reconhecimento da desobediência civil como instrumento excepcional de participação política na preservação da cidadania em um Estado Social e Democrático de Direito constitui remédio válido em nosso ordenamento jurídico para evitar que o capitalismo permaneça desvirtuando o dever do Estado de ofertar e fomentar a existência digna para todos. O artigo conclui pela necessidade de uma leitura constitucional da desobediência civil, permitindo o acesso a grupos sociais a qualquer momento (diretamente e não somente periodicamente em razão das eleições), a mecanismo de proteção à cidadania, compatível com um Estado Social e Democrático de Direito.
The pipeline industry has been managing the threat of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) for several years using the methods developed by NACE SCCDA [1] (Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment) and ASME B31.8S [2] standards. SCCDA is a widely accepted tool for assessing the threat of Stress Corrosion Cracking in pipelines. The process utilizes data from direct examinations at excavations to validate the process as well as to address existing SCC anomalies, if found. However, neither the recommended practices nor the literature provide a usable and practical method for determining the number of excavations necessary for the excavation program based on observed results. To address this question, the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) sponsored a project to develop a statistically defendable procedure to determine the number of excavations which would be required to validate the SCCDA process and confirm either the presence or absence of SCC.
Systemic manufacturing defects in select vintage pipe pose challenges when assessing the integrity of pipeline systems comprised of such pipe. The common manufacturing technology and quality control practices in place at the time of manufacturing left some vintage line pipe prone to imperfections which could remain even after passing pressure tests in the mill or after construction. The lack of complete and reliable manufacturing records for some vintage line pipe limits granularity and adds integrity assessment uncertainties.
Up until 1984, the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) required operators to report incidents related to failed pressure tests for all pipelines at the time of installation. Performance with respect to the manufacturer and year of manufacture can therefore be extracted from these reported incidents. These performance records are essential when re-establishing the MAOP (or MOP) and confirming the fitness for service of older pipelines. The pressure test failure performance in the early incident records provides insight into pipeline integrity prioritization and mitigation activities for managing pipeline safety based on pipe manufacturer, production date and seam type.
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