Extensive experience has shown that the use of general- purpose, multibody-dynamics computer programs for the numerical formulation and solution of equations of motion of robotic devices leads to slow evaluation of actuator forces and torques and slow simulation of robot motions. In this paper, it is shown how improvements in computational efficiency can be effected by using Kane's dynamical equations to formulate explicit equations of motion. To these ends, a detailed analysis of the Stanford Arm is presented in such a way that each step in the analysis serves as an illustrative example for a general method of attack on problems of robot dynamics. Simulation results are reported and are used as a basis for discussing questions of computational efficiency.
This paper contains the development of an algorithm for the solution of any initial value problem dealing with the motion of a symmetric top on a horizontal surface. No restrictions are made regarding the roughness of the surface, so that both rolling and sliding resisted by friction are accommodated. A computer program incorporating the algorithm is used to settle several issues long in dispute concerning classical top motions.
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