Background The Novel Coronavirus was declared as a pandemic by the WHO at the end of 2019. Proper hand hygiene was identified as one of the simplest most cost-effective Covid-19 control and prevention measures. It is therefore very important to identify gaps in the knowledge, attitude, and practices, and barriers regarding hand hygiene in the community. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a simple random sampling technique. An interviewer-guided questionnaire with questions on knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers to hand hygiene was used in data collection. Collected data were analyzed using Microsoft office excel 2016 and STATA 15 software. A 95% confidence interval was used and statistical significance was P<0.05. Results Only 88 (24.5%) of the participants had adequate knowledge of hand hygiene. 32.8% of the university students had adequate knowledge compared to 6.3% of the Katanga residents. The majority of 336 (93.6%) participants had a good attitude towards hand hygiene. University students had a significantly better knowledge of hand hygiene while Katanga slum residents had a slightly better attitude towards hand hygiene. Only 19.6% accomplished all the seven steps of handwashing. 38.4% of the participants were still greeting by handshaking. Of the participants, 60.1% noted lack of soap as a barrier to hand hygiene and 62.9% reported having more than three barriers to hand hygiene. Participants who had been taught handwashing were more likely to have better hand hygiene knowledge and practice. Conclusion There was an overall high proportion of participants with a low level of hand hygiene knowledge. There is a need for optimizing hand-hygiene practices through addressing the barriers and promoting public health education.

Fetal macrosomia can present with numerous complications. We report a case of a term baby girl with a birthweight of 5.31 kg admitted with respiratory distress and suffered several complications of macrosomia. There is a need to closely monitor neonates for early diagnosis and management of complications of macrosomia.

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Background Dextrocardia is a rare congenital abnormality in the general population, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 12,000 live births. Isolated dextrocardia, the condition of right-sided heart with situs solitus is most commonly referred to as dextroversion. Case Presentation A 2-month-old Ugandan baby boy discovered to have isolated dextrocardia with situs solitus presented with fever, cough, and difficulty in breathing. Physical examination revealed moderate respiratory distress, bilateral basal fine crepitations, tachycardia with regular pulse, and heart sounds best heard on the right hemithorax, but no murmurs. Chest X-ray confirmed right-sided cardiac shadow with cardiac apex pointing to right. Echocardiography showed D-loop ventricular morphology with right cardiac axis and ventricular apex to right, plus tiny patent ductus arteriosus. Abdominal ultrasound showed normal situs solitus; however, the left kidney was noted in pelvic space. Conclusion Isolated dextrocardia with situs solitus (dextroversion) is a rare scenario. This case exhibits a learning point in the significance of routine medical examination of patients to identify anomalies and upon suspicion a thorough evaluation to prevent wrong diagnosis or poor prognosis due to delayed management.

Background: Adolescents between the ages of 10-19 represent a growing portion of people living with HIV worldwide. A large proportion of adolescents living with HIV suffer from severe malnutrition because of the chronic ill health and this has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Little is known about the nutrition status of adolescents living with HIV who are on second line treatment particularly Atazanavir. Therefore, we assessed the nutrition status and associated factors among HIV positive adolescents on Atazanavir-based regimen attending an urban clinic in Uganda.Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2017 and July 2018. Using convenience sampling, adolescents aged 10-19 years attending an urban clinic in Kampala on Atazanavir-based regimen were enrolled into the study. Nutritional status was assessed using BMI-for-Age and Height-for-age as measures of thinness and stunting respectively. Standard deviation scores (Z scores) were applied to determine the nutritional status. WHO and CDC Z-score cut offs were used to categorize the nutrition status. Data was entered into an electronic database using REDCap. Statistical analysis was done using STATA version 15.1 (Texas, USA).Results: Data from 132 adolescents were included. We found that 28% were malnourished (composite outcome of stunting and thinness). The prevalence malnutrition of thinness was 7.6% with 2.3% being severely thin. The prevalence of stunting was 23.7% with 1.5% being severely stunted. Adolescents with no parent were more likely to be malnourished than adolescents who had either one or both parents (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 3.70 95%Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.20-11.37, p=0.023). In addition, adolescents who had attained at least secondary education were less likely to be malnourished (AOR: 0.40, CI:0.17-0.95, P-value=0.037). Conclusion:There is a high proportion of adolescents with HIV who are malnourished. Low level of education (No education and elementary) and having no parent are important risk factors to malnutrition in this population. There is need for optimizing nutrition care for adolescents on HIV treatment.