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Mixture of Low-Rank Coal (LRC) with Candlenuts Shell (CNS) has been carried-out to improve the quality of combustion. The quality of combustion is affected by combustion reactivity, thermal efficiency and combustion emission. This study investigated the effect of the mixture of CNS and LRC to find-out its combustion reactivity. An experimental study has been done to investigate the combustion reactivity of mixing LRC and CNS with the addition of CNS to LRC of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% respectively. Testing methods including proximate and ultimate analysis following ASTM Standard and sample combustion in electric furnaces were applied with a combustion temperature of 500 °C, 625°C, 750 °C and 875°C respectively. Oxygen was used as an oxidizer in this experiment. The result of the experimental test shows that the addition of CNS into LRC generally increased its combustion reactivity. This fact indicates that adding CNS into LRC improves significantly the combustion quality of CNS and LRC mixture. The optimum addition of CNS into LRC to increase combustion reactivity is 10%.

CNS is one of the plantation wastes that can be used as alternative fuel which can be mixed with LRC. The research aims to obtain thermal and chemical characteristics of LRC – CNS mixing and the impact of adding CNS into LRC on combustion characterization. An experimental test was conducted to obtain thermal characteristics by using proximate and ultimate analysis based on ASTM standard. Combustion characteristics are obtained by using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) by using air as an oxidant. The Composition of CNS mixtures with LRC are 10, 30 and 50 respectively. The result of CNS mixed with LRC generalized improves the quality of the fuel mixture by the increase combustion reactivity, and this has an impact on increasing differential internal energy. The optimum addition of CNS into LRC was obtained of 10%.

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SMW is one of the most abundant biomass wastes found in the sawmill area in the city of Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This waste has the potential as a fuel to be mixed with the LRC in order to improve the thermal and chemical quality, as well as the combustion of the LRC. This study uses an experimental method by making LRC-SMW briquettes with a percentage addition of 10%, 30%, and 50% of SMW, respectively, into the LRC, the research phase begins with a proximate analysis to obtain thermal properties, ultimate analysis to obtain chemical properties, and the experiment of burning briquettes on a briquette stove with the method of boiling water. The results of the proximate analysis presented an increase in FC and HHV by 38.15% and 14.44%, respectively, and a decrease in M content by 70.69%. implications for improving the quality of LRC combustion. The thermal efficiency of briquette combustion increases with the addition of SMW into the LRC and the optimal amount of addition of SMW into the LRC is 10%, with the efficiency is 45.23%.