Gastrointestinal polyps are described as abnormal lesions that originate in the gastric epithelium or sub mucosa and protrude into the stomach lumen. It may present as an isolated lesion, or could be multiple as part of juvenile polyposis. It could be hereditary or acquired; hamartomatous or hyperplastic in structure; sessile or pedunculated in shape and of benign or malignant origin. Rectal lesions are the commonest in children but gastric polyps are rarely described in this age group, especially in those less than five years old [1]. Clinical presentation of gastric polyps in children varies widely, from incidental endoscopic finding to massive gastrointestinal bleeding [1]. We report a case of unusual upper gastrointestinal bleeding causing severe anaemia requiring blood transfusion secondary to gastric polyp in a young child. A 5-year old otherwise healthy girl presented to the local hospital with a short history of lethargy and pallor. There was no history of vomiting or diarrhoea initially but after 2 days she developed melaena. Clinically she was found to be pale and tachycardic initially with a systolic heart murmur, which resolved after transfusion. There was no evidence of hepato-splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy or jaundice. She was born at full term and had no history of hospital admission. Her initial investigations showed a slightly raised CRP of 38 mg/l and low Haemoglobin of 4.6 grams/dl; which warranted an urgent blood transfusion. Otherwise her renal function, coagulation screen and liver functions were all within normal limits. Abdominal ultrasound scan findings were normal. A meckle's radioisotope scans showed no evidence of Meckle's diverticulitis. After stabilization she was referred for an urgent gastroscopy, which revealed an intragastric mass extending across the pylorus (Figure 1). MRI abdomen showed a large sessile gastric mass in the pyloric lesser curvature extending to the first part of the duodenum (Figure 2). Surgical excision was decided after multidisciplinary meeting and a written consent was obtained. She underwent laparotomy via upper transverse abdominal incision. A well-circumscribed lesion originating from gastric wall with intact serosa was completely excised. She had full recovery without any complications. Repeated haemoglobin prior to discharge rose to 9.8 gm/dl and no further episode of melaena was reported. Histopathology confirmed non-neoplastic non-hamartomatous gastric polyp measured 6.5 × 2.5 × 2 cm.
IntroductionMultiple previous studies have shown the monoclonal antibody Das-1 (formerly called 7E12H12) specifically recognizes metaplastic and carcinomatous lesions in multiple organs of the gastrointestinal system (e.g. Barrett’s esophagus, intestinal-type metaplasia of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) as well as in other organs (bladder and lung carcinomas). Beyond being a useful biomarker in tissue, mAb Das-1 has recently proven to be more accurate than current paradigms for identifying cysts harboring advanced neoplasia. Though this antibody has been used extensively for clinical, basic science, and translational applications for decades, its epitope has remained elusive.MethodsIn this study, we chemically deglycosylated a standard source of antigen, which resulted in near complete loss of the signal as measured by western blot analysis. The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 was determined by affinity to a comprehensive glycan array and validated by inhibition of a direct ELISA.ResultsThe epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 is 3’-Sulfo-Lewis A (3’-Sulfo-LeA). 3’-Sulfo-LeA is broadly reexpressed across numerous GI epithelia and elsewhere only after metaplastic and carcinomatous transformation.Discussion3’-Sulfo-LeA is a clinically important antigen that can be detected both intracellularly in tissue using immunohistochemistry and extracellularly in cyst fluid and serum by ELISA. The results open new avenues for tumorigenic risk stratification of various gastrointestinal lesions.
Fruit juice is widely consumed everywhere in the world because of its authentic taste and is popular among both adults and children. Several studies have been conducted on common juice available in Dhaka to detect the level of microbial contamination. Consequently, the current study was done to evaluate the microbiology of a total of 25 samples and compare drinks from three different categories (street vending, packaged drinks, and soft drinks) that were collected from various locations throughout the city of Dhaka. Among all the samples fresh juice samples were found to be highly contaminated with different microbes where the total viable bacterial count was within a range of 103 to 106 CFU/ml. However, other pathogenic microbes like E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio spp., and Salmonella spp. also present in fresh juice but were totally absent in other samples. The result indicates that street juice samples may be prepared under unhygienic environments and which may serve as a reservoir of various pathogenic bacteria. The study reveals that government should take necessary action to ensure public health safety. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.12 (1) 2022: 54-58
What is the nature of consciousness and how it is related to subconscious mind? The concept of ‘the subconscious’ has not been unanimously and unambiguously defined ever. In psychology, this term is much less used preferring the term ‘unconscious’. To many of the academics (not all) in the related fields, it is like something different from our conscious mind. That means they are two separate entities having different mechanisms of actions. Not only that, many personages in scholarly academic fields as well as contemporary self-help literature believe in things like that subconscious has some magical powers, or it is more powerful than the strength of activities possessed by our conscious mind. That means a person representing lower IQ in their conscious state, may have higher IQ or be more intellectual in respect of their subconscious mind. Is it so? Our regular observations do tell that? We all experience somehow the presence of our subconscious mind, but where in the structures of brain it resides? There are far more questions. Can subconscious be autoactivated and act on its own? Can subconscious create its own goal? Or can its activities be primed for a goal? In this treatise, we reviewed different literatures and tried to give answers to these questions to demystify the interpretations of nature and realm of activities of our conscious and subconscious mind.
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