Background and Aim: Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen and is recognized as a major public health issue. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. enterica represents a major challenge for national public health authorities. We investigated the distribution of serovars and antimicrobial resistance of S. enterica isolates from clinical swine samples stored at the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University from 2016 to 2017. Materials and Methods: Clinical samples were collected and subjected to standard microbiological techniques outlined in the Manual of Clinical Microbiology to identify Salmonella serovars. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was tested by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method using a panel of 14 antimicrobials. Results: A total of 144 Salmonella isolates were identified and the dominant serovar was Salmonella Choleraesuis (66.67%), followed by monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (18.75%), S. Typhimurium (9.03%), and Rissen (5.56%). The isolates displayed high resistance rates to ampicillin (AMP [100%]), amoxicillin (AX [100%]), tetracycline (TE [100%]), cefotaxime (CTX [89.58%]), ceftriaxone (CRO [87.50%]), chloramphenicol (C [82.64%]), gentamicin (CN [79.17%]), nalidixic acid (NA [72.92%]), and ceftazidime (CAZ [71.53%]). All isolates were MDR, with 29 distinct resistance patterns. The dominant MDR pattern among serovars Choleraesuis and Rissen exhibited resistance to 9 antimicrobials: ( R7-14 AMP-AX-CAZ-CRO-CTX-NA-C-CN-TE). However, all tested isolates were susceptible to AX/ clavulanic acid and fosfomycin. Conclusion: High resistance levels to the third generation of cephalosporins such as CAZ, CRO, and CTX highlight the need for careful and reasonable usage of antimicrobials in animals and humans, especially for S. Choleraesuis infections.
Purpose: In recent decades, S. enterica has been found to show high rates of resistance to the conventional antimicrobials used in human and animal medicine, with serious risks for public health. The monitoring of S. enterica in livestock may help decrease or prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains and improve the understanding of Salmonella infection. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance rates of S. enterica isolated from diseased pigs in Thailand.Methods & Materials: One hundred and forty-four S. enterica isolates were recovered from clinical samples of diseased pigs obtained from veterinary diagnostic laboratory, Kasetsart University between 2016 and 2017. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with a panel of 14 antimicrobials.Results: The serotypes found were S. Choleraesuis (67%), monophasic S. Typhimurium (19%), S. Typhimurium (9%) and S. Rissen (6%). All S. enterica isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and tetracycline. Moreover, the isolates were most often resistant to cefotaxime (89.6%), followed by ceftriaxone (87.5%), chloramphenicol (83.0%), gentamicin (79.2%), nalidixic acid (73.0%), ceftazidime (71.5%), sulfa-trimethoprim (14.0%), colistin (14.0%) and ciprofloxacin (11.0%). However, all tested isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and fosfomycin.Conclusion: Our results revealed that the resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin and tetracycline was significant and thus the use of these antimicrobials for the treatment of infection caused by this bacterium is not appropriated. On the other hand, the antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and fosfomycin demonstrated to be sufficient against S. enterica. Our results suggested the significance of monitoring system for controlling the resistant S. enterica strains in order to select the most effective drugs for decreasing the resistance to currently used antimicrobials.
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