Domestic vioknce often presents in health care settings, yet health care professionals sometimes miss obvious signs or fail to ask about abuse. Lack of training, the belief that domestic abuse is none of their business, and lack of system support are all reasons why domestic violence is often not identified. Clinicians may also have personal reasons for their lack of intervention, including lack of comfort with the topic or negative beliefs about women who are domestically abused. This chapter describes these barriers and offers practical steps clinicians can take to overcome them.Mrs. WT, a 32-year-old woman, presents to Dr. JK's office five months after her preterm delivery for a postpartum checkup with complaints of not feeling well and wanting a prescription to increase her energy. She is also requesting sleeping medicine and a referral for tubal ligation. Mrs. WT describes to Dr. JK that lately she has been feeling very tired and not able to get enough sleep with three kids and her husband's odd work schedule. She says she has to pay lots of attention to her sick premature son, Joey.
The study has been carried out in the North Gujarat region of Gujarat state, Western India which represents unique habitats from arid regions to dry deciduous forests with annual rainfall ranging from 25-125 cms. Humanwildlife conflicts are intensifying owing to increase in human population and destruction of wildlife habitats. In the present study we characterized and classif ied the conflicts, identif ied zones with acute conflicts and evaluated the economic loss to the local villagers due to such humanwildlife conflicts. Sampling methods mainly included village surveys for interviewing locals who are affected by wildlife damage. The information was overlaid on the existing digital land use data to identify landscape characteristics associated with wildlife occupancy in the region. The result depicts that 80% of total damage in seasonal crop is caused by wild ungulates. Wild animals like Blue bull, Wild boar and Porcupine are reported as a chief crop raider. The Leopard is the only big cat occurring in the region reported to cause human injury and livestock predation. Sloth bear attacks on human are very common in some part of the study area. Conflicts are more severe around unprotected forests while high intensity of conflicts was recorded on the fringes of the forests. Less compensation and delayed process of compensation by the government makes the local community more hostile towards the presence of wildlife in the area.
Human-Wildlife Conflicts in
Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It can be preventable and diagnosed early with adequate and repetitive cytological screening by pap test. The conventional cervical cytological screening is the most common technique used throughout the world. Objective: To characterize the age and pattern of Pap smear abnormalities in a population of Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Gujarat India. All previously collected pap smear from 2011 -2014 was evaluated for cytological pattern and during this duration total 1100 pap smear was evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients with abnormal smears was 37.5 years. The mean parity was 4.34. There were 46 (4.18%) unsatisfactory smears and 1054(95.82%) adequate smears. Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance(ASCUS), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were reported in 69 (6.54%), 111(10.53%), and 55 (5.21%) women respectively. Atypical glandular cell and squamous cell carcinoma were reported in 10 (0.94%) and 5 (0.47%) respectively Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of Pap smears screening for early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Pap smear testing is a very useful, simple, economical and safe tool to detect preinvasive cervical epithelial lesions. Hence, on a routine basis, every woman above the age of 30 must be subjected to Pap smear and this must be continued even in post-menopausal period as most of patients with epithelial abnormalities in our study falls in this group.
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