Synovial mesenchymal stem cells adhere to sites of meniscal injury, differentiate into cells resembling meniscal fibrochondrocytes, and enhance both quality and quantity of meniscal regeneration.
Open fractures often are associated with increased rates of infection and nonunion, multiple surgical procedures, and delayed return to preinjury activity. Antimicrobial bone graft substitutes used as an alternative to antibiotic cement beads and/or delayed autologous bone grafting may provide a useful adjunct in patients with open fractures. A stable, unicortical defect was created and contaminated with 30 microL of 5 x 10 colony-forming units/mL of Staphylococcus aureus in the proximal tibial metaphysis of Spanish goats. The negative control group received no treatment, the carrier group received synthetic bone graft alone, the positive control group received tobramycin antibiotic cement, and the treatment group received tobramycin antimicrobial synthetic bone graft (calcium sulfate). After a 3-week evaluation period, intraosseous microbiologic specimens were obtained. The Staphylococcus aureus contaminant was recovered in 11 of 12 animals (mean = 6.9 x 10 colony-forming units/g marrow) in the negative control group and in all animals (mean = 2.2 x 10 colony-forming units/g marrow) in the carrier group. Bacteria were not found in the antibiotic-treated groups. The tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulfate was effective in preventing infection in a contaminated defect. It could be beneficial in reducing the number of surgeries and recovery time because it is bioabsorbable and osteoconductive.
Pulsed lavage is a more effective and efficient method of irrigation to remove bacteria in a complex musculoskeletal wound. In the model we used, pulsed lavage irrigation with 3 L of saline solution resulted in a reduction of approximately the same amount of bacteria as did irrigation with 9 L with use of a bulb syringe.
The combination of tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulfate pellets and demineralized bone matrix was effective in preventing intramedullary Staphylococcus aureus infection in a contaminated goat fracture model.
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