A sediment budget was developed for the 1.7 km2 Maluna Creek drainage basin located in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia, for the period 1971-86. The impact of viticulture, which commenced at Maluna in 1971, was studied using erosion plots, with caesium-137 as an indicator of both soil erosion and sedimentation. Two methods were used to estimate vineyard soil losses from caesium-137 measurements. Sediment output from the catchment was measured for three years, and extrapolated from readings taken a t a nearby long-term stream flow gauging station for the remaining 13 years. Relative amounts of soil loss from forest (60 per cent basin area), grazing land (30 per cent) and vineyards (10 per cent) were calculated. Soil losses by rain splash detachment were ten times greater from bare/cultivated sufaces than from the forest. Erosion plots of area 2 m2 showed no significant differences in soil loss between forest and grassland but, under bare soil, losses were 100 times greater. The 13'Cs method was employed to calculate net soil loss from all vineyard blocks using both a previously established calibration curve and a proportional model. The latter method gave estimates of soil loss which were 3.9 times greater than by the calibration curve, and indicated that average soil losses from the vineyard were equivalent to 62 t ha-' y- ' (1971-86). It was estimated that the forest contributed 1.8 per cent, the grazing land 1.6 per cent, and the vineyard 96.6 per cent of the total soil loss during that period. Sediment storages within the fluvial system adjacent to the vineyard ws 9460 t for the period, whereas sediment output was equivalent to 215 t km-' y-l. Independent measurements of soil erosion, storage, and output showed that 56 per cent of the eroded sediment remained in the catchment, and 34 per cent was transported out by Maluna Creek. The budget was able to be balanced to within 10 per cent.
Eighty-tvo species of vertebrates were recorded hom an area of cypress pine and ironbark forest within G m o o Stab Forest, bcatod 42 Idlometres northeast of D W. Now South Wales. Grass-ssebeating birds were uncommon due to the lack ol gasses within the forest. Small birds such as faiywrens, Umnbilla and warblers were o m found where patches of dense shrub were found, usually where the csnopy has beon dlsturbod. Flowering ironbarks were found to attact a variety of bird spacies utilizing both tha pollen and nectar as well as the insects that were attncted. Four threatened species (Glossy Black Cockatoo. Koala. Yellow-belEed Sheathtall Bat. Little Pied Bat) were recordsd as well as a nsw range &ension for ihe Eastern P y m y Possum. Retentlot! of ironbarks we^ 47.0cm diemeta at breast height is needed to p e s w e the presence of large tree hollows as well as eucalypt blossom souroes within the loreat.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.