In the field of counseling, there has been a growing awareness of the important role the Black church plays in African American communities. Although counseling professionals have begun recognizing the influence the Black church has in the lives of African Americans, there seems to be little information on how counselors can collaborate with African American congregations to meet the mental health needs of African American clients. The authors examine how counselors can use the psychological and social strengths of the Black church. Strategies and implications for collaborating with this institution are also discussed.
There has been a significant amount of interest in landmine detection and, most recently, the detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). In this paper, current and recent papers are reviewed and explored. In addition, a model and simulation that incorporates multiple levels of detection is discussed and developed. One of the most critical points often discussed is locating and identifying concealed landmines and IEDs with a high degree of accuracy. Combining the warfighter-in-the-loop increases the accuracy of minefield detection. This concept can be applied with the addition of multiple methods, such as laser radar, metal detection, infrared imaging, ground-penetrating radar and acoustic methods. Papers on the modeling and simulation of these methods individually and fused are reviewed in this paper. A combination of methods at various levels of decision making can increase the overall accuracy of landmine detection and, more importantly, identifying false negatives (FNs). In this paper, simple modeling and simulation of landmine detection is presented by adding loops of detection systems and redundancies to increase the accuracy of detection and the effectiveness of the resources applied.
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