Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects around three-quarters of all women during their reproductive age, although the exact incidence of VVC is difficult to determine because many patients are self-treated. The infections are divided into complicated and uncomplicated. Uncomplicated VVC is most effectively treated with local azoles. Oral treatment with a single dose of fluconazole is also effective for treating uncomplicated VVC. Treatment of complicated VVC is prolonged and most commonly consists of multiple doses of oral fluconazole or at least 1 week of local azoles. The role of probiotics in treating VVC is still disputed. This article presents a review of the literature on the various treatment options for VVC. Treatment for the most common pathogens that cause complicated VVC is also discussed.

The aim of the study was to assess the depth of myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer using preoperative 5‐9 MHz, high frequency transvaginal ultrasonography as compared with postoperative assessment using histopathologic examination. The study included 120 patients with histologically proven cancers of the endometrium. All patients underwent transvaginal sonography before surgery. The depth of myometrial invasion was classified as none, inner half of uterine wall, and outer half of uterine wall. Of 106 (88.3%) patients with proven myometrial invasion, 98 cases (92.5%) were revealed by sonography. In 109 cases (90.8%) invasion was believed to be present on transvaginal sonography. Histologically proven invasion that correlated with sonography was shown in 88 patients (73.3%). In 32 patients (26.7%) ultrasonography could not correctly predict the depth of myometrial invasion. The depth of invasion was underestimated in 10 (8.3%) cases and overestimated in 22 (18.3%) cases. Preoperative assessment of invasion of the uterine wall by transvaginal ultrasonography had an accuracy of 73% if correlated with the definitive histopathologic examination. The role of high frequency transvaginal ultrasonography in preoperative assessment of the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial cancer is limited.

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