The aim of this study was to assess air quality by using medium-cost sensors in recreational areas that are not covered by permanent monitoring. Concentrations of air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, PM1, CO, O 3 , NO 2 in the Niedzica recreational area in southern Poland were obtained. The research revealed that in cold weather, particulate matter concentrations significantly exceeded acceptable levels determined for PM2.5 and PM10. The most important factor that affects air quality within the studied area seems to be the combustion of poor quality fuels for heating purposes. The information obtained by the research presented could be a useful tool for local authorities to make environmental decisions, based on the potential health impacts of poor air quality levels on the population.
Part 2: WorkshopInternational audienceThe paper discusses selected issues related to the implementation and deployment of the Web Application Firewall that protects the target application by verifying the incoming requests and their parameters through matching them against recorded usage patterns. These patterns in turn are learned from the traffic generated by the users of the application. Since many web applications, including these operated by the government, are prone to exploits, there is a need to introduce new easily implementable methods of protection to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. A Learning Web Application Firewall offers a flexible, application-tailored, yet easy to deploy solution. There are certain concerns, however, regarding the classification of data that is used for the learning process which can, in certain cases, impair the firewall ability to classify traffic correctly. These concerns are discussed on the basis of reference implementation prepared by the authors
Air pollution is one of the main factors affecting human health. Air quality is especially important in the tourist areas developed with facilities for outdoor activities. During the winter season of 2017/2018, the concentrations of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1), CO, O3, and NO2 were studied in 12 attractive tourist villages in the surroundings of the Czorsztyn Reservoir in southern Poland. Air pollutant measurements were performed continuously, using a single ground-based Alphasense air sensor. Our assessment of human health risk (HHRA), arising from inhalation exposure to air contaminants, was calculated for both local inhabitants and tourists, based on actual measured values. It was found that pollutant concentrations exceeded both permissible and recommended levels of PM10 and PM2.5. The mean total noncarcinogenic risk values were equal to 9.58 (unitless) for adults and 9.68 (unitless) for children and infants, under the resident exposure scenario. However, under the tourist exposure scenario, the mean total risk was equal to 1.63 (unitless) for adults and 1.64 (unitless) for children and infants. The risk to tourists was lower than that to inhabitants due to shorter exposure times. The target non-carcinogenic value of 1, calculated for PM10, PM2.5, and NO2, was significantly exceeded in total risk, under the residential exposure scenario, in reference to all the local subpopulations. In the majority of the investigated locations, the total risk exceeded the value of 1, under the tourist scenario, for all the subpopulations analysed. PM2.5 was recognised to be the most important contaminant in our risk analysis, in view of its share in the total risk value.
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