The aim of the study was to describe the morphology of the upper, lower and third eyelid and characterize the organized lymphoid follicles and diffuse lymphocytes from ornamental and wild birds. The goal of these examinations was also to identify avian conjunctiva‐associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and lymphoid tissue that contained specialized high endothelial venules. The upper, lower and third eyelid from 30 species of ornamental and wild birds representing 21 families were examined under light microscopy and using scanning electron microscopy. The third eyelid in all of the examined birds was composed of a free margin, which was divided into two parts. The largest tarsal plate of the third eyelid was observed in the greater rhea (Rheimorphae), the white‐tailed eagle and steppe eagle (Accipitrimorphae) and was approximately 13–15 mm wide and 9–11 mm long, respectively. In all of the examined birds, the CALT was associated with a rich network of small vessels. In addition, the presence of characteristic high endothelial venules and roundish bright endothelial cells was confirmed in the upper and lower eyelids or only in the lower eyelid (Phoenicopterimorphae, Procellariimorphae and Strigimorphae).

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Charletonia cameroonensis Haitlinger & Kekeunou sp. nov. is described and illustrated from larvae obtained from Zonocerus variegatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) in Cameroon. For the first time C. justynae Haitlinger, 1987 is reported from Cameroon and from Z. variegatus and Eupezus rufipes Quedenfeldt, 1885 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). This paper also presents new morphological data and a range of metric and meristic data for C. justynae. Distribution and hosts of Charletonia found on Orthoptera are given.

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