Background. Aerococcus urinae is a rare causative pathogen of infective endocarditis that results in a high risk of embolic events. The mortality rate for A urinae endocarditis is high. Old age and underlying urologic conditions are the best-known risk factors for infection. Case Description. We report the clinical course of the disease in a 49-year-old man who presented symptoms of a urinary tract infection. A few days later, transthoracic echocardiography showed a conspicuous mitral valve with myxomatous alterations. Following the detection of a cerebral embolism with associated stroke symptoms, as well as at the beginning of cardiac failure, the emergency indication for the surgical treatment of mitral valve endocarditis was given. On the second day following the operation, circulatory collapse rapidly developed. Following an unsuccessful attempt at cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient died. Review of the Literature. From 1991 to 2017, 29 cases of A urinae–induced endocarditis have been described in PubMed and Medline. One or 2 new cases are published annually. We review all reported cases of A urinae endocarditis, with an emphasis on the predisposing factors, course, and outcomes of the disease. Conclusion. A urinae endocarditis is a rare disease primarily affecting elderly men with urinary tract pathologies and comorbidities. The course of the disease is severe, and the outcome is often fatal. A 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction investigation of bacterial genome provides proof of the presence of A urinae. Because of the high risk of embolism, rapid treatment should focus on the diseased heart valve. Based on existing data and the experience gained from handling cases, treatment with β-lactam and aminoglycosides is recommended. It is also recommended that operative therapy take place as soon as possible.
IntroductionIt is well documented that older age, chronic concomitant diseases (such as diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive lung disease, etc.), and poor left ventricular function can increase the postoperative complication rate and worsen the general outcomes of coronary artery bypass (CABG) and concomitant repair of ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR).Material and methodsRetrospective data of 394 patients after CABG and mitral valve (MV) repair (mainly annuloplasty) were analyzed. Patients were grouped according to age, diabetes mellitus (DM), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Echocardiography data, the rate of postoperative complications (cardiogenic shock, preoperative myocardial infarction, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, cognitive disorders, stroke, sepsis, deep wound infection), and early and late mortality were compared between paired groups.ResultsThere were no differences between age groups in reverse positive remodeling of LV. A significantly higher incidence of sepsis and deep wound infection in younger patients was observed. Patients with DM had no change in the pre-postoperative NYHA class and a higher rate of perioperative MI (10.3% vs. 3.1% respectively, p < 0.05) in comparison to patients with no DM. In all LVEF groups, MR was significantly decreased, but reverse positive remodeling of LV was pronounced only in those with “poor” and “moderately lowered” LVEF. Postoperative complications did not differ among these three groups.ConclusionsElderly age, concomitant DM and lowered LVEF do not influence either early or late mortality, including early postoperative outcomes after MV repair for ischemic MR following CABG. Concomitant DM increases the rate of perioperative MI and impairs reverse remodeling of LV.
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