Este inventário fornece informações sobre o estado da arte e os avanços recentes da Geocriologia nos países da América do Sul onde ocorre permafrost ou congelamento sazonal dos solos e onde este campo de pesquisa tem interesse científico. O objetivo é aumentar o conhecimento das atuais áreas geocriogênicas sob impacto de influências antrópicas e/ou de modificações climáticas. Uma breve análise climática ajuda a compreender as principais regiões criogênicas sul-americanas, ainda pouco conhecidas e sem a correspondente cartografação geomorfológica. O levantamento também salienta o fato de haver poucos dados disponíveis sobre a degradação do permafrost andino de altitude. Esta degradação, causada pelos processos de aquecimento global, deveria ser monitorada, entre outras, por razões hidrológicas. Os principais processos criogênicos -como criometeorização, nivação, solifluxão, crioturbação e seleção -são descritos em diferentes litologias, lugares, etc .. São fornecidos alguns dados quantitativos sobre movimentos de solifluxão e aplicação de métodos sedimentológicos na detecção de fenômenos criogênicos. São resumidos os últimos dados sobre permafrost andino, obtidos com o auxílio de métodos geofísicos e/ou sondagens acompanhadas de medidas da temperatura do solo. As forrnas criogênicas mais comuns nos Andes são apresentadas: microforrnas, patterned ground, felsenmeer, estruturas de crioturbação, thufurs em moors e lobos de solifluxão. Mesoforrnas características dos rock glaciers dos Andes Centrais e elementos importantes de ambiente periglacial como vertentes criogênicas de sedimentação, superfícies de crioplanação ou vales assimétricos são também descritos.Palavras-chave: Geocriologia -permafrost -periglacial -Andes -regiões criogênicas -Geomorfologia
Abstract. The quantification of volumetric ice and water contents in active rock glaciers is necessary to estimate their role as water stores and contributors to runoff in dry mountain catchments. In the semi-arid to arid Andes of Argentina, active rock glaciers potentially constitute important water reservoirs due to their widespread distribution. Here however, water storage capacities and their interannual changes have so far escaped quantification in detailed field studies. Volumetric ice and water contents were quantified using a petrophysical four-phase model (4PM) based on complementary electrical resistivities (ERT) and seismic refraction tomographies (SRT) in different positions of Dos Lenguas rock glacier in the Upper Agua Negra basin, Argentina. We derived vertical and horizontal surface changes of the Dos Lenguas rock glacier, for the periods 2016–17 and 2017–18 using drone-derived digital elevation models (DEM). Interannual water storage changes of −36 mm yr−1 and +27 mm yr−1 derived from DEMs of Difference (DoD) for the periods 2016–17 and 2017–18, respectively, indicate that significant amounts of annual precipitation rates can be stored in and released from the active rock glacier. Heterogeneous ice and water contents show ice-rich permafrost and supra-, intra- and sub-permafrost aquifers in the subsurface. Active layer and ice-rich permafrost control traps and pathways of shallow ground water, and thus regulate interannual storage changes and water releases from the active rock glacier in the dry mountain catchment. The ice content of 1.7–2.0 × 109 kg in the active Dos Lenguas rock glacier represents an important long-term ice reservoir, just like other ground ice deposits in the vicinity, if compared to surface ice that covers less than 3 % of the high mountain catchment.
Sixty per cent of the Rio Blanco basin (54 km 2 ), located between 32854' and 33801'S and between 69827' and 69815'W, in the Cordo n del Plata, Frontal Cordillera, can be considered to be periglacial. The most important forms in the area are rock glaciers, two of which, Morenas Coloradas and El Salto, are active down to 3400 and 3600 m ASL respectively. The rock glaciers are not in equilibrium with the present climate since the mean annual air temperature is 1.6 8C at 3560 m ASL and the 0 8C air isotherm is calculated to be at 3860 m ASL. A third landform is the cryoplanation surface Lagunita del Plata which, at an elevation of approximately 4000 m ASL, has a mean annual temperature of À2 8C and contains bodies of insular permafrost. # 1997 by John
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