This study summarizes the results of meta-analyses about risk and protective factors related to dating violence (DV). Fifteen studies were included from 1997 to 2018, N = 1784018. The results were classified according to ecological theory. The Zr’s were calculated for each factor and level of analyses, including the differences between victimization and perpetration effect sizes. According to the level of analysis, results showed that the effect sizes were greater for: (1) individual level: cigarette smoking, adolescent pregnancy (victimization) and sex (perpetration/victimization); (2) microsystem: peer sexual harassment, (victimization), peer DV, deviant peers and family violence (perpetration/ victimization); (3) Exosystem: age (victimization) and violent neighborhoods (perpetration/ victimization), and (4) macrosystem: cultural minority and disadvantaged neighborhoods (perpetration / victimization). DV protective factors which had lowest effect sizes were: parental and peers support; and highest effect sizes were in the exo and macro-level, and then in individual and micro-level. Furthermore, statistically significant differences between total effect sizes were found, being higher to victimization than perpetration. Delimiting the most important risk and protective factors on DV have important implications for prevention and intervention.

Factores de riesgo asociados a la violencia sufrida por la mujer en la pareja: una revisión de meta-análisis y estudios recientes Alicia Puente-Martínez 1* , Silvia Ubillos-Landa 2 , Enrique Echeburúa 1 y Darío Páez-Rovira 1 Universidad del País Vasco UPV-EHU (España). 2 Universidad de Burgos UBU (España).Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica actual y complementaria de los últimos estudios y meta-análisis sobre factores de riesgo de la violencia de género. Este trabajo confirma que en el nivel socio-comunitario el bajo nivel educativo, el bajo desarrollo económico del país, pocos derechos sociales, la falta de democratización del Estado, la cultura del honor y las culturas masculinas -con actitudes sexistas y favorables hacia la violencia en el país-son factores de riesgo. En el nivel contextual e individual, tener bajos ingresos, tener menor edad, más hijos, la violencia recíproca hacia la pareja, la depresión, el miedo y el consumo de alcohol, se asocian a mayor riesgo de ser víctima de violencia por parte de la pareja ín-tima. Con menor consistencia, son factores de riesgo, las situaciones de guerra, el fundamentalismo religioso, la mayor duración de la relación y una menor satisfacción con la pareja, así como emociones como la culpa, vergüenza y otros factores como el embarazo. Palabras clave: Violencia de género; victima; agresor; factor de riesgo.Title: Risk factors associated with the violence against women in couples: a review of meta-analyzes and recent studies. Abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct a complementary to current and recent meta-analysis of risk factors to intimate partner violence literature review. This work confirms that on community-level, low economic development and democracy, lack of social rights, culture of honor and masculine culture -characterized by sexist attitudes and tolerance to violence-are risk factors. On contextual and individual level, being younger, having a low income and low education level, having more than one child, using violence reciprocally against ones partner, depression, fear and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of being a victim of intimate violence. Less consistency, are risk factors, situations of war, religious fundamentalism, being in a long term relationship, lower relationship satisfaction, emotions such as guilt, shame and other factors such as pregnancy.

Students’ mental health have a greatest impact on wellbeing and academic performance, also is often affected adaptation to the university life. This study examines the proportion of students with a positive and negative affect balance, and the relationship between affective wellbeing and academic self‐efficacy and performance. It also analyzes how psychological wellbeing and academic self‐efficacy predict affective wellbeing and academic performance. In a sample of 200 undergraduate students (M = 19.07 years), it was found that positive affect decreased and negative affect increased during the second academic year. The majority had a positive affect balance (AB). Psychological wellbeing predicts positive emotions and its achievement dimension predicts academic performance. 53% of participating students maintained a positive AB, 14% maintained a negative AB and 21% went from a negative to a positive AB one. The change from a positive to a negative AB (10%) is associated with an increase in psychological wellbeing, suggesting a process of post‐stress growth in relation to the challenges of university life.

Abstract:The aim of this research is to study the impact of religious coping, social support and subjective severity on Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) in people who lost their homes after the earthquake in Chile in 2010 and who now live in transitional shelters. One hundred sixteen adult men and women were evaluated using a subjective severity scale, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) scale of social support and the Brief RCOPE scale of religious coping.The multiple linear regression analysis shows that social support and positive religious coping have an impact on PTG. On using a bootstrap estimate, it was found that positive religious coping fully mediates the relationship between subjective severity and PTG.