BackgroundGynecomastia is a common finding in male subjects which incidence varies widely in the world population. In adolescents, it is frequently temporary but, if it becomes persistent, it generates considerable embarrassment, inducing the patients to seek surgical consultation. Even in patients with good body contour, gynecomastia creates even greater distress considering the special attention given by these subjects to their physical appearance. The authors present their experience in the treatment of gynecomastia comparing different body types of patients with the aim to investigate dissimilar expectations, needs and surgical outcomes thus optimizing the management of the pathological condition, achieving high levels of agreement and reducing unsatisfied patients arising from cosmetic surgery.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2007 and January 2015, 312 selected patients have been treated surgically for gynecomastia. Patients were grouped according to their physical aspect: 97 were classified as high muscle mass body type (group A), 106 as normal (group B) and 109 as overweight patients (group C). All of them were adults ranging in age between 18 and 52 years. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 60 months. In all cases, an excision of the gland in the form of a subcutaneous mastectomy was performed; the most common surgical access was in the inferior part of the areola.ResultsNo breast cancers were found at the histological examinations. Also, no skin or areola necrosis have been referred, and no recurrence of gynecomastia disorder has been reported. Six cases of seroma (limited to the fatty gynecomastia) and 3 cases of hematomas (requiring immediate surgical revision) were found. Although the patients in group B resulted more distressed by the disorder, higher levels of postoperative satisfaction were recorded in this group.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the importance of the different management of the same disorder according to the different patients' expectations, related to the different body type. Our experience demonstrated that most of the cases did not require extensive skin incisions, reducing the risk of unpleasant scars and that direct excision of glandular tissue ensures stable and satisfactory results.

The study suggests that the anchorage of the orbicularis muscle flap to the upper orbital rim reinforces the lower eyelid's anterior lamellae. It efficiently stabilizes lower eyelid position after transcutaneous blepharoplasty, thus confirming clinical results and improving surgical outcomes even in patients with minimal or no eyelid laxity.

IntroductionGenitalia are linked to self-esteem and male sexual identity, especially among young men, who sometimes require a surgical procedure to acquire more confidence. Among the surgical procedures requested for aesthetical purposes, circumcision is one of the most popular. Although it can be considered to be a simple surgical practice, it may cause severe complications such as penile skin necrosis.Presentation of caseWe report a case of a catastrophic situation after a circumcision performed on a 27-year-old HIV positive man resulted in a drastic reduction in the length of the penile shaft due to extensive skin loss; this was subsequently restored using dartos-fascio-myo-cutaneous flaps. Primary healing occurred in 10 days. No infection, dehiscence or flap ischemia were reported. Donor site morbidity was minimal. An adequate aesthetical appearance and satisfactory functional results were obtained.Discussion and conclusionVarious techniques are available for penile skin covering, such as skin grafts or cutaneous flaps. The skin of the scrotum seems to be the most suitable tissue to be used to reconstruct the skin covering of the shaft as it is the most similar. Dartos-fascio-myo-cutaneous flap is a single stage procedure that is easy and safe to perform. It can provide satisfactory cosmetic and functional results, offering a large amount of tissue, with minimal donor site morbidity.

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