Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process used to weld difficult to be welded or unweldable materials as aluminium alloys. In the last years, other materials have been successfully tested as magnesium, titanium and nickel based alloys. Dissimilar joints can be obtained by FSW, but issues arise concerning the correct choice of the process parameters. In the paper, the results of an experimental and numerical campaign aimed to produce dissimilar AZ31-AA6016-T6 butt joints are presented. The effect of sheet mutual position and main process parameters was investigated. It was found that intermetallics are the main cause of the poor quality of the joints. Sound joints can be produced only if the magnesium alloy is in the advancing side.
Conventional twist drilling is a widely used machining process for creating holes in aerospace and automobile structures. Drilling at room temperature can sometime affect the quality of machined holes due to increased thermal effects on the workpiece. Thermal effects can be a cumbersome when machining composites and fiber metal laminates due to their different thermal expansion coefficients, which may introduce additional stress in the structure. Thermal machining effects can be minimized using coolants supplied either directly or indirectly to the cutting tool-workpiece interaction zone, to remove away part of the generated heat. The use of coolants adds extra costs for handling, disposal, and environmental impact. Therefore, environmentally friendly cooling technologies are replacing conventional cooling methods to reduce costs and impact on the environment. In addition, the selection of machining parameters has great influence on the hole quality. This paper investigates the impact of drilling parameters and two modern cooling technologies namely cryogenic liquid nitrogen and minimum quantity lubrication on the hole perpendicularity error of fiber metal laminates commercially known as GLARE® (Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy). It was also found that applying cryogenic liquid nitrogen or minimum quantity lubrication does not lead to an improvement in hole perpendicularity error in GLARE® laminates.
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