A new cheiracanthid acanthodian species, Cheiracanthus flabellicostatus sp. nov., is described based on scales found in the beds of the Aruküla Regional Stage of Siverskiy and Zaitsevo localities of the Leningrad Region. It is distinguished from other members of the genus in the presence of a V-shaped eminence in the medial part of the scale crown and 8-10 large ribs branching into smaller ribs in the anterior part of the crown; large lacunas are observed at crossings of circular and ascending canals in the middle part of the scale neck.
We present the results of the depression Genome-wide association studies study performed on a cohort of Russian-descent individuals, which identified a novel association at chromosome 7q21 locus. Gene prioritization analysis based on already known depression risk genes indicated MAGI2 (S-SCAM) as the most probable gene from the locus and potential susceptibility gene for the disease. Brain and gut expression patterns were the main features highlighting functional relatedness of MAGI2 to the previously known depression risk genes. Local genetic covariance analysis, analysis of gene expression, provided initial suggestive evidence of hospital anxiety and depression scale and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders scales having a different relationship with gut-brain axis disturbance. It should be noted, that while several independent methods successfully in silico validate the role of MAGI2, we were unable to replicate genetic association for the leading variant in the MAGI2 locus, therefore the role of rs521851 in depression should be interpreted with caution.
This review article is dedicated to a relatively young, actively developing approach to biodiversity assessment analysis of environmental DNA (or eDNA). Current views on the nature of eDNA, a brief overview of the history of this approach and methods of eDNA analysis are presented. Major research directions, utilizing eDNA techniques, and perspectives of their application to the study of biodiversity are described. Key issues in development of eDNA approach, its advantages and drawbacks are outlined.
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