New data on psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidomorpha) and acanthodians (Acanthodii) from the Pärnu Regional Stage (Lower Eifelian, Middle Devonian) of Estonia

Glinskiy, Vadim; Pinakhina, Daria

doi:10.3176/earth.2018.05

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In the species of Psammosteus, a full reduction of the anterior part of the median margin of the branchial plates is seen, and cyclomorial, mostly polygonal concentric tesserae of the basic morpho-histological type are formed (Glinskiy and Nilov, 2017). Traquairosteus should be nested closer to Psammosteus, as has been noted earlier (Glinskiy and Pinakhina, 2018;Glinskiy, 2018). In Traquairosteus the tesserae and other elements of progressive type may be rooted on the main plates, forming the strange unique ornamentation .…”

Section: Subfamily Psammosteinae Traquair 1896mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Pycnolepis splendens) were checked. From the genus Psammolepis sensu MarkKurik, 1965, Halstead Tarlo, 1965 (Glinskiy and Pinakhina, 2018;Glinskiy, 2018). Guerichosteus, Schizosteus and Psammosteus are still very poorly known by median plates and represent here a paraphyletic groups (additional material is needed).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each psammosteid taxon, text and graphic data on the type specimens were used (Elliott, Mark-Kurik, and Daeschler, 2004;Elliott and Mark-Kurik, 2005;Halstead Tarlo, 1964aLyarskaya, 1971;Mark-Kurik, 1968, 1999Novitskaya, 1965Novitskaya, , 2004Obruchev, 1940;Obruchev and Mark-Kurik, 1965;Růžička, 1929;Tarlo, 1961). The most recent data on the general morphology, ornamentation and histology of psammosteids were also encoded (Glinskiy, 2014;Glinskiy and Mark-Kurik, 2016;Glinskiy and Nilov, 2017;Glinskiy and Pinakhina, 2018;Keating, Marquart, and Donoghue, 2015;Moloshnikov, 2001). All characters are discrete (binary or multistate), mostly unordered, but 21 multistate characters are ordered as specified by the relationship of character states within the transformation series (1,8,16,21,30,31,38,54,57,64,71,79,81,83,86,87,88,89,99,108,117).…”

Section: Characters Coding Methods and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'Hariosteus' is known from fragmentary material, which makes revision difficult (presence of the dorsal lamella of the branchial plate is not confirmed), but the characters of the ornamentation indicate that this genus probably is a junior synonym of Guerichosteus. Guerichosteus heterolepis (Preobrazhensky, 1911) is included in the genus Guerichosteus on the basis of the similar morphology of the branchial plates and ornamentation pattern (Glinskiy and Pinakhina, 2018). The genus Schizosteus, previously included in this family (Halstead Tarlo, 1964a), is excluded here given its synapomorphies with higher psammosteids.…”

Section: Family Drepanaspididae Traquair 1899mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic relationships of psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidiformes), Devonian jawless vertebrates

Glinskiy

2017

BioComm

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Psammosteid heterostracans are a group (suborder Psammosteoidei) of Devonian-age jawless vertebrates, which is included in the order Pteraspidiformes. The whole group of psammosteids is represented by numerous species (more than 40); their phylogenetic relationships are still poorly known and deserve further study. Classical researchers of the psammosteids, such as D. Obruchev, E. Mark-Kurik and L. Halstead Tarlo, had different views on the phylogeny of the group (e.g. origins and evolution of Psammosteus). To check the modern hypotheses of psammosteid origins from various Pteraspidiformes and to clarify psammosteid interrelationships, the most complete phylogeny of this group (38 ingroup taxa + juvenile Drepanapsis) is presented here. Different methods of data analysis were used to explore the psammosteid data set, including equally weighted characters versus implied weighting. According to the results of the phylogenetic analysis, the monophyletic status of the group and their early development from the Pteraspidiformes are supported. The diagnoses and interrelationships of many taxa are clarified. Two new genera are proposed (Vladimirolepis gen. nov. and Elgaia gen. nov.), and two subfamilies are erected (Placosteinae subfam nov. and Psammosteinae Traquair).

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Section: Subfamily Psammosteinae Traquair 1896mentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characters Coding Methods and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Family Drepanaspididae Traquair 1899mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic relationships of psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidiformes), Devonian jawless vertebrates

Glinskiy

2017

BioComm

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“…Cheiracanthus spp. were abundant in Middle Devonian vertebrate faunal assemblages of northern Europe, with isolated scales described from the Baltic countries and Russia (e.g., Valiukevičius, 1985Valiukevičius, , 1988Glinskiy and Pinakhina, 2018;Pinakhina, 2018;Pinakhina and Märss, 2018), and articulated fish from Scotland and Spitsbergen (Agassiz, 1835;Egerton, 1861;McCoy, 1848;Newman et al, 2019). Only one valid new species based on articulated specimens, C. peachi den Blaauwen, Newman and Burrow, 2019, from Scotland, has been described since the nineteenth century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

Burrow

Blaauwen

Newman³

2020

Palaeontol Electron

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The cheiracanthid acanthodiforms were widespread during the Middle Devonian, often being the most abundant acanthodians in northern European vertebrate macroand microfaunal assemblages. Three species of cheiracanthids, Cheiracanthus murchisoni, C. grandispinus, and C. latus, have been known from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian-Givetian) of northern Scotland since the nineteeth century. Here we review the anatomy of these species and show that the main distinguishing features for the three species are the scale ornamentation, general body shape, and relative robustness of their scapulocoracoids and fin spines. They also show different stratigraphic and geographic distributions in the Orcadian Basin. All three species appear at the base of the Coccosteus cuspidatus + Pterichthyodes milleri placoderm biostratigraphic zone; C. latus disappears towards the upper limit of this zone, C. murchisoni extends into the base of the overlying Dickosteus threiplandi zone, and C. grandispinus reaches up to the middle of this zone. Some cheiracanthid taxa based on isolated scales from the Baltic countries, Belarus, and Russia are considered junior synonyms of the Scottish species. The new data we provide should prove helpful in further elucidating the taxonomic position of cheiracanthids.

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Early ray‐finned herbivores: the dental system of Eurynotoidiidae (Actinopterygii; middle–late Permian, European Russia) and implications for palaeobiology and palaeoecology

Bakaev,

Bulanov,

Kogan

et al. 2024

Palaeontology

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Eurynotoidiformes are a little‐known group of actinopterygian fishes from the Permian of European Russia, characterized by the possession of multicuspid marginal teeth arranged in a single row. Morphologically, the teeth resemble those of Recent Cichlidae, Acanthuridae, Siganidae or Serrasalmidae, suggesting similar trophic adaptations related to herbivory. Tooth histology is similar to the majority of basal actinopterygians (composed of dentine, acrodin and collar enamel). Teeth are ankylosed in their attachment, and labial pleurodont in implantation, strengthening the tooth. The multicuspid tooth crowns derive from conical teeth of predatory or omnivorous ancestors, analogous to the evolution of multicuspid teeth in cichlid fishes. Tooth replacement in eurynotoidiforms is most comparable to an alternating pattern, with a possible simultaneous, unilateral replacement occurring in the whole jaw, similar to characiform fishes. Replacement teeth were formed extraosseously. Teeth of the inner dental arcade were conical. Based on comparisons with the teeth of extant actinopterygians specialized for herbivory, along with functional morphological analysis and consideration of wear patterns, we hypothesize that eurynotoidiforms represent the oldest known actinopterygians specialized for herbivory. Several strategies of herbivory in Recent actinopterygians were already realized by eurynotoidiforms as early as the Late Palaeozoic (middle and late Permian): grazing/cutting filamentous algae (Lapkosubia spp., Isadia suchonensis), browsing/biting off macrophyte fragments (Isadia aristoviensis), scraping/harvesting periphyton from hard substrates (Isadia opokiensis, I. arefievi). However, notable morphological differences in the jaws (elongate) and tooth arrangement (homodont along the jaw, functional teeth separated) suggest that this Permian experiment in herbivory followed different pathways compared to extant taxa.

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New data on psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidomorpha) and acanthodians (Acanthodii) from the Pärnu Regional Stage (Lower Eifelian, Middle Devonian) of Estonia

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogenetic relationships of psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidiformes), Devonian jawless vertebrates

Phylogenetic relationships of psammosteid heterostracans (Pteraspidiformes), Devonian jawless vertebrates

A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

Early ray‐finned herbivores: the dental system of Eurynotoidiidae (Actinopterygii; middle–late Permian, European Russia) and implications for palaeobiology and palaeoecology

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