This paper analyzes the use of GNSS equipment when conducting topographic surveys. It was revealed that despite the presence of a large number of modern and high-precision GNSS receivers, nowadays, the regulatory and legal framework has established significant restrictions on the use of GNSS equipment when carrying out topographic and geodetic surveys. According to the current legislation, this equipment cannot accurately determine coordinates and heights on the ground. To prove the opposite, a scientific experiment was carried out, as a result of which it was found that modern GNSS receivers can more accurately determine coordinates and heights on the ground than modern total stations and electronic theodolites. Therefore, it is recommended to use the obtained data of the experiment as a basis for making changes to the regulatory framework.
Currently, the introduction of a 3D cadastre of real estate objects in Russia is quite relevant, since using a two-dimensional cadastre it is impossible to keep records of various multi-level objects such as bridges, tunnels, road junctions, etc. In this scientific work, the most time-consuming stage of a three–dimensional cadastre is considered – 3D modeling of various real estate objects and obtaining of spatial information about them. The article analyzes two main methods of spatial data acquisition - aerial photography and three–dimensional laser scanning. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are considered in this paper. In conclusion, the authors advise to use the mentioned methods of obtaining data to create 3D models in a three-dimensional real estate cadastre.
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