Hydrogen can be used in the same energy processes as natural gas and become a tool for implementing the transition to a sustainable low-carbon economy. The level of contamination resulting from controlled combustion of hydrogen or methane-hydrogen mixture is relatively low, which will significantly reduce CO2 emissions. However, the use of hydrogen can involve considerable difficulties associated with the hydrogen compatibility of materials. With the increase in the production, storage and transportation of hydrogen gas, including through gas pipelines, hydrogen-resistant materials are needed. The main problem with hydrogen is its embrittling effect. Under the influence of hydrogen, pipelines materials can probably have the following: hydrogen charging of the surface layer under pressure, loss of plasticity at tensile loads, formation of cracks and blisters (by decogesia mechanism), diffusion to the stress concentrator according to adsorption theory, accumulation of hydrogen at the top of the crack (which can lead to cracking) and so on. To assess the possibility of using a pipeline system for transportation of hydrogen gas in large volumes, it is necessary to know hydrogen compatibility of pipe steel. Physical modeling of steel resistance to hydrogen embrittlement can be carried out using electrochemical and gas charging methods.
The technology of producing stable electrochromic anode nanocomposite thin film coatings based on nickel oxide (II) has been developed, which are used as active layers for modulating light flux in the manufacture of various technical devices. The method involves introduction of carbon nanoparticles (carbon-containing particles) into outer layers of nickel oxide (II) thin films obtained by gas-phase deposition under conditions of cathodic polarization in potentiostatic mode in aqueous media containing water-soluble hydroxylated fullerene derivatives - fullerenol С60(ОН)24, without change of their optical density in the initial state. The technology of the method realization allows to effectively change electrochromic properties of nickel oxide (II) thin films and to obtain a nanocomposite, which is a matrix of a thin layer of nickel oxide (II), doped with carbon nanoparticles, with increased contrast and having the ability to maintain a colored state after switching off polarization under open chain conditions for a long time without energy consumption in solution and in air, i.e., characterized by an “optical memory effect”.
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