The transformation of societies to capitalism has introduced complexity into activities of man. Oncecapitalism transformed the traditional way of life, factors such as effectiveness of competition, freedomof movement and the absence of any system of social security compelled the state to assumeresponsibility for the protection and welfare of the individual (Jacoby, 1973:147). To help the stateachieve this, it has become imperative to have a seeming standing power evolving from, but placingitself above, the society. Such power that alienates itself more and more from the society is beingexercised on behalf of the state by certain institutions, structures and agencies, the bureaucracy beingthe most important (Arowolo, 2004:2).
Public service is regarded as the working hand of government, but it has recorded downward trends in its onerous responsibility of delivering services to the people in recent times. The performance crisis of public service perhaps explains the proliferation of literature on how to address the seeming impasse in the sector. However, there has to date been little systematic evaluation of the prevalence of X or Y theory as a motivational strategy, whereas X is assumed to enforce ethics while Y calls for participation. This study assessed the effect of the application of motivational strategies suggested by theory X and Y and its outcomes on employees’ performance at Adekunle Ajasin University (AAUA) by using mixed-method techniques. The study found critical evidence that there was a concomitant relationship between ethics, motivation, and employees’ performance and that the AAUA applied more of X than Y strategies for the motivation of its employees. Consequently, strained relationships have been witnessed between the unions and the university management, thereby impelling employees’ performance. Therefore, it is recommended that the university must apply more participative Y type techniques than X type ethical codification as a strategy towards enhancing employee performance. The findings are relevant for understanding the dynamic role of ethics and motivation in the performance analysis of any public organization and for providing the necessary strategies for performance enhancement of public organizations.
Human Capital Development is the fulcrum of development. It is therefore imperative that a lot of premium should be placed on capacity building. One of the institutions saddling with this onerous task is university. Universities are equipped with capacity and have human resource base to train individuals with a niche of specialisation. Such capacity however is deficient in Nigeria. The Nigerian universities are confronted with obstinate challenges crippling their capacity to deliver services. The paper identified the militating factors as having both endogenous and exogenous origin and insisted that the tottering economy of Nigeria contributed significantly to the capacity collapse and the falling standards of Nigerian Universities. It adopted content analysis as a method of data gathering and analysis. The main thrust of this paper is to examine these challenges with a view to proffering solution to adequately address them.
Leadership dispositions in politics determine, to a large extent, the direction, nature and character of democracy and electoral politics. For a long time, Nigeria has had power-mongering leadership, whose dispositions have redefined followership behaviour. Leadership–followership disconnect has impacted on democracy. Consequently, democracy in Nigeria operates in breach of its tenets. Most elections in Nigeria are synonymous with insidious violence, which have attracted the attention of scholars with insightful analyses. However, there has to date been little systematic evaluation of the primary factors accounting for democratic decline in Nigeria with particular regard to leadership– followership dialectic. This article interrogates the relationship between leadership dispositions and followership behaviour and the effect on democracy. Using content analysis, this article finds evidence that leadership–followership disconnect is the most important factor accounting for democratic decline in Nigeria. The findings are relevant both for understanding the dynamics of leadership–followership disconnect and its impact on democracy in Nigeria.
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