Online data collection, through e‐mail and Web‐based surveys, is becoming an increasingly popular research methodology. In this article, the authors outline the benefits and limitations of this type of data collection to help researchers determine whether their data could be collected online in a way that retains the integrity of the data. A detailed procedure, including strategies to manage limitations, is given for researchers wishing to conduct their own online surveys.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether years of experience in the counseling profession can help predict levels of cognitive complexity among practicing counselors. Results of a regression equation found that counselors with more years in the counseling profession had higher levels of cognitive complexity, with highest degree obtained in the counseling profession also contributing to the prediction equation. Years as a practicing counselor, age, gender, and race did not contribute significantly to the equation.
The author investigated the cognitive development of counseling students at 3 points in their training. A cross-sectional analysis of 205 counseling master's students at 13 colleges and universities showed a linear trend between the students' progression through the program and their cognitive development. Initial results of a longitudinal study of students in 2 counseling programs corresponded with the results of the cross-sectional data. The results of the cross-sectional and initial longitudinal studies lend initial support to the idea that it may be possible to capture the broad development of counselor education students with a generalized model.
The article applies Bloom's (B. S. Bloom, M. D. Engelhart, F. J. Furst, W. H. Hill, & D. R. Krathwohl, 1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain to the process of graduate‐level writing in counselor education. Bloom's Taxonomy is provided as a mechanism to help students develop and demonstrate cognitive complexity when writing comprehensive literature reviews. The article outlines common assumptions held by students operating at each level of the Taxonomy, typical organizational structure and content of papers at each level of the Taxonomy, and tips to move writing to more cognitively advanced levels.
Undergraduate students (N = 221), adults in a community sample (N = 211), and professional counselors and counselors‐in‐training (N = 269) were given a measure of tolerance. Within each sample, half of the participants were given a version that used the term “the mentally ill” and half were given a version that used the term “people with mental illnesses.” Individuals receiving the version with the term “the mentally ill” had lower levels of tolerance. Professional counselors had the largest differences in tolerance on the basis of language.
Grief is prevalent in counseling, but little is known about the current status of counselors’ preparation and competencies to provide effective care. This exploratory study surveyed counselors (N= 369) on grief training, personal and professional experiences with grief, and grief counseling competence. Multiple regression analyses found training and experience were statistically significant predictors of competence. The strong relationship between variables suggests these concepts may be understood as synonymous. Implications for training, practice, and research are discussed.
Undergraduate students (n = 102) were given the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally I11 (CAMI) questionnaire. Significant differences emerged on 3 of the 4 subscales, based on the participants' ranking of their primary source of information about mental illness. Individuals who reported receiving their information primarily from the electronic media reported less tolerance.
Developmental models provide a useful theoretical foundation for conceptualizing the cognitive development of counseling students. When these models are used, a rationale emerges for teaching styles and course sequencing in counselor education programs.
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