Surgery (12 of 26 eyes) and trauma (11 of 26 eyes) were the commonest causes of E. faecalis endophthalmitis. Our results indicate that early surgical intervention can lead to a good functional outcome despite the virulent nature of the organism. Since almost all the cases were sensitive to Vancomycin, it may be considered as a first line drug in the management of such eyes.

OCT delineates macular changes at a stage when fundus biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography are not very informative. The anatomical cause for the increase in MT i.e., SRD and/or CME is also well delineated. Non-ischemic maculae show an early and more rapid decline in MT compared with ischemic occlusions. An increase in MT at 3 months on OCT in BRVO patients could be an indication of a possible ischemic course.

Purpose: To report endogenous fungal endophthalmitis, postrecovery from severe COVID-19 infection in otherwise immunocompetent individuals, treated with prolonged systemic steroids. Methods: Retrospective chart review of cases with confirmed and presumed fungal endogenous endophthalmitis, following severe COVID-19 disease, treated at two tertiary care referral eye institutes in North India. Results: Seven eyes of five cases of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis were studied. All cases had been hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia and had received systemic steroid therapy for an average duration of 42 ± 25.1 days (range 18–80 days). All the cases initially complained of floaters with blurred vision after an average of 6 days (range 1–14 days) following discharge from hospital. They had all been misdiagnosed as noninfectious uveitis by their primary ophthalmologists. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal antifungal therapy. Five of the seven eyes grew fungus as the causative organism (Candida sp. in four eyes, Aspergillus sp. in one eye). Postoperatively, all eyes showed control of the infection with a marked reduction in vitreous exudates and improvement in vision. Conclusion: Floaters and blurred vision developed in patients after they recovered from severe COVID-19 infection. They had received prolonged corticosteroid treatment for COVID-19 as well as for suspected noninfectious uveitis. We diagnosed and treated them for endogenous fungal endophthalmitis. All eyes showed anatomical and functional improvement after PPV with antifungal therapy. It is important for ophthalmologists and physicians to be aware of this as prompt treatment could control the infection and salvage vision.

Purpose: To demonstrate choroidal vascular changes and report a novel choroidal thickness contour in eyes with peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (PEHCR).Methods: Retrospective, observational, comparative case series. Fourteen eyes of nine patients with PEHCR and 14 eyes of 14 age-matched and sex-matched controls underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography. Choroidal thickness was measured from posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane to choroidoscleral interface at 11 points 1,000 mm apart. Large choroidal vessel thickness was also measured.Results: In PEHCR group, the choroid was thinnest at 3 mm nasal to fovea (mean 95.3 ± 33.5 mm) and thickest at 7 mm temporal to fovea (mean 272.7 ± 80.2 mm), with gradual increase in choroidal thickness from nasal to temporal periphery. The choroid was thickest subfoveally (259.7 ± 63.8 mm) in the control group. The choroid was significantly thicker in temporal periphery in PEHCR eyes as compared to controls (P = 0.0002). The mean large choroidal vessel thickness was 202.4 ± 50.8 mm in the PEHCR group and 160.6 ± 40.5 mm in the control group (P = 0.0235).Conclusion: Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy eyes showed progressively increasing choroidal thickness toward the temporal periphery, compared with age-matched and sex-matched controls. This gave rise to a club-shaped choroidal contour compared with the bowl-shaped contour seen in control eyes. Thicker choroid and pachyvessels favor inclusion of PEHCR in the pachychoroid disease spectrum.

Sustained visual improvement, anatomical restoration, and low complication rates were obtained in complex situations with bimanual microincision vitreous surgery in a large series. Visual outcomes were poorer in older age group, tractional retinal detachments involving macula, and eyes with extensive membranes and with silicone oil as tamponade. Both 23-gauge and 25-gauge groups were comparable in relation to visual improvement, anatomical success, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.

The peripheral retina is affected in a variety of retinal disorders. Traditional fundus cameras capture only a part of the fundus even when montaging techniques are used. Ultra-wide field imaging enables us to delve into the retinal periphery in greater detail. It not only facilitates assessing color images of the fundus, but also fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and red and green free images. In this review, a literature search using the keywords “ultra-widefield imaging”, “widefield imaging”, and “peripheral retinal imaging” in English and non-English languages was done and the relevant articles were included. Ultra-wide field imaging has made new observations in the normal population as well as in eyes with retinal disorders including vascular diseases, degenerative diseases, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, retinal and choroidal tumors and hereditary retinal dystrophies. This review aims to describe the utility of ultra-wide field imaging in various retinal disorders.

Combination therapy with PDT and intravitreal ranibizumab appears to be efficacious in the treatment of SRNVM associated with proliferative type 2 IMT.

A 10-year-old boy, issue of unrelated parents presented with visual impairment, short stature and mental retardation. The presence of a Peters' anomaly, mental retardation, disproportionate short stature, skeletal abnormalities and distinctive facial features (broad forehead, telecanthus, cupid bow shaped upper lip) established the diagnosis of Peters' plus syndrome. Analysis of his genomic DNA revealed a homozygous deletion in the beta1,3-galactosyltransferase-like gene (B3GALTL), a recently identified gene.