The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays an important role in virus–host interactions. However, the mechanism by which the UPS is involved in innate immunity remains unclear. In this study, we identified a novel major latex protein-like protein 43 (NbMLP43) that conferred resistance to Nicotiana benthamiana against potato virus Y (PVY) infection. PVY infection strongly induced NbMLP43 transcription but decreased NbMLP43 at the protein level. We verified that B-box zinc finger protein 24 (NbBBX24) interacted directly with NbMLP43 and that NbBBX24, a light responsive factor, acted as an essential intermediate component targeting NbMLP43 for its ubiquitination and degradation via the UPS. PVY, tobacco mosaic virus, (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infections could promote NbMLP43 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation to enhance viral infection. Ubiquitination occurred at lysine 38 (K38) within NbMLP43, and non-ubiquitinated NbMLP43(K38R) conferred stronger resistance to RNA viruses. Overall, our results indicate that the novel NbMLP43 protein is a target of the UPS in the competition between defense and viral anti-defense and enriches existing theoretical studies on the use of UPS by viruses to promote infection.
Resistant genes as
an effective strategy to antivirus of plants
are at the core of sustainability efforts. We use the antiviral protein
major latex protein 28 (NbMLP28 plasmid) and
N
-2-hydroxypropyl
trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) designated as the HACC/NbMLP28
complex as protective gene delivery vectors to prepare nanonucleic
acid drugs. The maximum drug loading capacity of HACC was 4. The particle
size of HACC/NbMLP28 was measured by transmission electron microscopy
and found to be approximately 40–120 nm, the particle dispersion
index (PDI) was 0.448, and the ζ-potential was 22.3 mV. This
facilitates its ability to deliver particles. Different controls of
laser scanning confocal experiments verified the effective expression
of NbMLP28 and the feasibility of nanodelivery. The optimal ratio
of HACC/plasmid was 2:1. Finally, the nanoparticle/plasmid complex
was tested for its ability to control diseases and was found to significantly
improve resistance to three viruses. The enhanced resistance was particularly
notable 4 days after inoculation. Taken together, these results indicate
that HACC/NbMLP28 is a promising tool to treat plant viruses. To the
best of our knowledge, this is the first study that successfully delivered
and expressed antiviral protein particles in plants. This gene delivery
system can effectively load antiviral plasmids and express them in
plant leaves, significantly affecting the plant resistance of three
RNA viruses.
Two double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that likely represent the genome of an alphapartitivirus tentatively named impatiens cryptic virus 1 (ICV1) were recovered from a symptomless Impatiens balsamina L.. DsRNA1 (2008 bp) codes for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of ICV1, which shares <83% amino acid sequence identities with the RdRp of other alphapartitiviruses. DsRNA2(1906 bp) codes for the capsid protein (CP) of ICV1, which shares <60% amino acid sequence identities with the CP of other alphapartitiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ICV1 is closely related to plant alphapartitiviruses including vicia cryptic virus, beet cryptic virus 1, carrot cryptic virus and white clover cryptic virus 1. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers speci c for dsRNA1 or dsRNA2 showed that ICV1 is common in I. balsamina from a wide range of places of China.
Two double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that likely represent the genome of an alphapartitivirus tentatively named impatiens cryptic virus 1 (ICV1) were recovered from a symptomless Impatiens balsamina L.. DsRNA1 (2008 bp) codes for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of ICV1, which shares <83% amino acid sequence identities with the RdRp of other alphapartitiviruses. DsRNA2(1906 bp) codes for the capsid protein (CP) of ICV1, which shares <60% amino acid sequence identities with the CP of other alphapartitiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ICV1 is closely related to plant alphapartitiviruses including vicia cryptic virus, beet cryptic virus 1, carrot cryptic virus and white clover cryptic virus 1. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for dsRNA1 or dsRNA2 showed that ICV1 is common in I. balsamina from a wide range of places of China.
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