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The accumulation of plastic waste resulting from the increasing demand for non-degradable plastics has led to a global environmental crisis. The severe environmental and economic drawbacks of inefficient, expensive, and impractical traditional waste disposal methods, such as landfills, incineration, plastic recycling, and energy production, limit the expansion of their applications to solving the plastic waste problem. Finding novel ways to manage the large amount of disposed plastic waste is urgent. Until now, one of the most valuable strategies for the handling of plastic waste has been to reutilize the waste as raw material for the preparation of functional and high-value products. Electrospun micro/nanofibers have drawn much attention in recent years due to their advantages of small diameter, large specific area, and excellent physicochemical features. Thus, electrospinning recycled plastic waste into micro/nanofibers creates diverse opportunities to deal with the environmental issue caused by the growing accumulation of plastic waste. This paper presents a review of recycling and reutilizing polymer waste via electrospinning. Firstly, the advantages of the electrospinning approach to recycling plastic waste are summarized. Then, the studies of electrospun recycled plastic waste are concluded. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of electrospun recycled plastic waste are provided. In conclusion, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospun recycled plastic waste for researchers to develop further studies.

Eberhart, 1995), which derived from the behavior research of flock foraging, and the research found out that the PSO theory can be applied to the function optimization, then it was developed into a universal optimization algorithm gradually. As the concept of PSO is simple and easy to implement, at the same time, it has profound intelligence background, the PSO algorithm attracted extensive attention when it was first proposed and has become a hot topic of 9 www.intechopen.com

Flexible printed circuit boards (FPCB) are widely used in smart devices with high wiring density and light weight. In this paper, the chemical etching process of FPCB with 18 μm line pitch is investigated. A geometric model of the FPCB circuit with the shape of "T" is established and simulated by the finite element method. The time evolution of the etching cavity, concentration field and velocity field of CuCl2 solution are studied, as well as the effects of initial concentrations and inlet velocities on the etching cavity profile. Finally, the FPCB sample with 18 μm line pitch is successfully fabricated by employing process parameters from the etching simulation. The results show that as the increase in the etching cavity, recirculating eddies form at the bottom of the photoresist in the corners of the etching cavity, resulting in more etching on the top sides of sidewalls over time. Higher initial concentration of the etching solution will result in a larger etching cavity profile, but the inlet velocity cannot affect the etching cavity profile significantly. Finally, the effectiveness of the simulation model is verified by comparing the etching cavity profiles with four experiments. INDEX TERMS FPCB, chemical etching, transport of diluted species

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