ABSTRACT. High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) play an essential role in wheat processing quality. In this study, we evaluated the genetic pattern with HMW-GS composition between generations and examined whether agronomic and quality traits were correlated with each other. A wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar with high protein content and 2 cultivars with low protein content were subjected to a reciprocal cross. Sixteen agronomic and 4 quality characteristics were investigated. A total of 216 seeds from each F2 generation were chosen randomly and analyzed for HMW-GS composition using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Agronomic and quality characteristics were not significantly different between reciprocal crosses, indicating no cytoplasmic effect on the characteristics studied. The separation ratio of 2 HMW-GS loci was 9:3:3:1, indicating no linkage between any 2 loci. The novel HMW-GS N was detected in cultivar R145, which did not follow the Mendelian segregation ratio. A Glu-A1a(1) band was not detected in 1 individual from Tian8901xR145. Average grain weight per spike was significantly correlated with quality characteristics and may be a suitable criterion for selecting high protein content in wheat breeding programs.
Wheat strong-gluten quality is closely correlated with combinations of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS). The multiplex PCR system is a rapid and efficient approach to evaluate wheat germplasm and its quality in wheat. In this study, we developed a multiplex PCR system confering molecular markers on Ax1/Ax2 * , Bx7 OE , Dx5, Glu-A3d, Glu-B3i genes, and Glu-B3 locus and validated it with 12 cultivars with known subunit at each locus. This multiplex PCR system was proved to be effective and stable to amplify target bands for these genes (locus), and used to evaluate the glutenin subunit genes (locus) accociated with strong-gluten in 62 major cultivars in wheat production in Shaanxi province, China. The results showed that the frequencies of genes Ax1/Ax2 * , Dx5, Glu-A3d, Glu-B3i, and locus Glu-B3 in the 62 cultivars were 56.5%, 9.6%, 33.9%, 1.6%, and 64.4%, respectively, whereas gene Bx7 OE was not found. Most of the cultivars carried two-gene (locus) combinations with the frequency of 48.3%, a few cultivars carried a single gene or locus (33.9%). The frequency of cultivars carrying three or four-gene (locus) combinations was 11.3%. The remaining cultivars (6.5%) were free of above elite gene (locus). Therefore, the frequency of combination of multiple strong-gluten subunits gene (locus) was low in cultivars from Shaanxi Province, which could be promoted through germplasm introduction and traditional breeding aided by molecular marker selection. The multiplex PCR system developed in this study may serve as a rapid and efficient method to select materials pyrimiding multiple genes (loci) associated with strong-gluten in wheat breeding for quality.
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