Abstract. Plastic-mulched landcover (PML) is the land surface covered by thin plastic films. PML has been expanding rapidly worldwide and has formed a significant agriculture landscape in the last two decades. Large-scale PML may impact the regional and global climate, ecosystem, and environment because it changes the energy balance and water cycles of the land surfaces, reduces the biodiversity, deteriorates the soil structure, etc. To study its impact, the spatial and temporal distributions and dynamics of PML have to be obtained. This paper presents a threshold model (TM) for PML detection and mapping with moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series data. Based on the temporal-spectral features of PML in the early stage of a growing season after planting, a TM was designed with the number of days (d) when the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value is larger than a threshold value (x) as the discriminator. The model has been successfully applied to map PML in southern Xinjiang, China, from the interpolated MODIS NDVI time series (from 90th to 125th day of each year). Results indicate that when TM parameter x is set to 0.2 and d to 8, the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient (κ) are >0.84 and 0.65, respectively. We believe this classification accuracy can meet the PML mapping for large geographic areas. Furthermore, visual comparison between the PML maps from TM classification of MODIS time series and that from the maximum likelihood classification of Landsat ETM+ and OLI images shows they are consistent both in the pattern and location of PML. Therefore, detection and mapping of PML by using MODIS time series with the TM method is feasible. The PML mapping in this study used a cropland mask derived from Landsat images using a maximum likelihood classifier to mask out non-cropland when applying the TM algorithm. The accuracy of such a mask is subject to further study. Because of frequent global coverages of MODIS data, the method presented in this paper could potentially be used for PML detecting and mapping at continental and global scales.
Subpixel mapping (SPM) is a technique that produces hard classification maps at a spatial resolution finer than that of the input images produced when handling mixed pixels. Existing spatial attraction model (SAM) techniques have been proven to be an effective SPM method. The techniques mostly differ in the way in which they compute the spatial attraction, for example, from the surrounding pixels in the subpixel/pixel spatial attraction model (SPSAM), from the subpixels within the surrounding pixels in the modified SPSAM (MSPSAM), or from the subpixels within the surrounding pixels and the touching subpixels within the central pixel in the mixed spatial attraction model (MSAM). However, they have a number of common defects, such as a lack of consideration of the attraction from subpixels within the central pixel and the unequal treatment of attraction from surrounding subpixels of the same distance. In order to overcome these defects, this study proposed an improved SAM (ISAM) for SPM. ISAM estimates the attraction value of the current subpixel at the center of a moving window from all subpixels within the window, and moves the window one subpixel per step. Experimental results from both Landsat and MODIS imagery have proven that ISAM, when compared with other SAMs, can improve SPM accuracies and is a more efficient SPM technique than MSPSAM and MSAM.
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