In the present paper we describe an original installation for microwave hydrodistillation at low pressure that we constructed in order to obtain volatile oils from different plants. The results that we have obtained are encouraging meaning that the main components of these oils were found in correspondence with the data presented in literature. A novelty of this process is the fact that the hydrodistillation time was shorter than in the case of a classic process of hydrodistillation at atmospheric pressure. The aim of our research was to find a new and modern way of obtaining volatile oils from plants.
Employment of simulants, thus spare testing compounds always takes the bigger value in the area of testing garments designated for body surface protection against the effects of chemical warfare agents. The aim of simulants usage is mainly to remove problems related to manipulation with high toxic compounds and to enable testing to such working places that have not got the permission for the treatment with chemical warfare agents and other highly toxic compounds. The paper summarizes some achieved results of measurements of chemical resistance which have been performed based on simulants. These results are put into mutual connection with the sulfur mustard which is recently used as a standard testing chemical compound.
A moment of permeation of both gaseous and liquid phases of a toxic compound through a barrier material has been indicated colorimetrically at the same time on 20 exposed places using suitable colour indicators. The newly developed device MINITEST is able to evaluate the resistivity of both porous and non-porous barrier materials of a textile character against permeation of toxic vapours (permeation) and liquids (penetration) in static conditions. As a model test chemical either the sulfur mustard or significantly alkaline or acid volatile toxic compound have been applied. During the permeation, these species react with a suitable acid-base indicator and a markedly coloured stain can be created. Newly developed MINITEST device enables determination of chemical resistance of areal barrier materials not only in a process of their development but also in the rate of their practical applications.
The Czech Armed Forces' soldiers of all specializations and mainly the chemical corps'specialist are prepared for task fulfillment in military and non-military operations within those a real threat of weapons of mass destruction employment and, occasionally, the real danger of toxic industrial materials leakage is present. They can solve problems caused by acids leakage in contaminated areas mainly during task fulfillment in non-military operations on the Czech Republic territory in cooperation with Fire Rescue Brigades' chemical specialists. Individual protective equipment which is established in the Czech Armed Forces were neither design for this purpose and, moreover, nor tested and thus there is no real data concerning their chemical resistivity. In recent time, some methods have been introduced into the Czech Armed Forces environment. They are useful for determination of chemical resistivity of barrier materials against toxic compounds detectable with acid-basic (colorimetric) methods and conductometric ones. The paper deals with the possibility of using the presented methods and compares the suitability of their application in relation to the protective garments designated for the Czech Armed Forces members' body surface.
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