Considering the need to produce effective bioherbicides to control weeds and thus reduce the contamination of environments through the use of agrochemicals in control of these plants, the scientific community has been studying the allelopathic activity of several species of Caatinga, once studies indicate that some species of this biome presentind to have activity allelopathic about other plants. On this, the present study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential and phenolic composition of extracts of Libidibia ferrea Mart. ex Tul. on seed germination and seedling development of Calotropis procera (Aiton) WT Aiton. and Cenchrus echinatus L. For the allelopathy test, leaf, bark and root extracts, both hot (100 °C) and cold (25 °C), were used, followed by a control group (distilled H2O). Phytochemical prospecting was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the hot L. ferrea bark extract has allelopathic activity on C. procera and C. echinatus, which was observed in all parameters analyzed. The phytochemical results showed that L. ferrea extracts present several phenolic compounds which are possibly responsible for the results observed against the two weed species studied, with standing out Gallic acid, Catechin, Caffeic acid, Ellagic acid, and Quercetin. It is therefore necessary to isolate these compounds in view of a potential future use for L. ferrea extracts in the production of a bioherbicide.
The use of cactus for forage may cause soil contamination by allelochemicals in order to compromise the future planting or even reforestation of that site. The objective of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic action of cladodes and roots of Cereus jamacaru, Pilosocereus gounellei and Tacinga inamoena on the germination and development of Cenchrus echinatus and Calotropis procera in order to suggest actions that increase efficiency in restoration strategies. Of the species of Cactaceae mentioned above, cladodes and roots were collected for the preparation of the extracts in which two types of extracts were prepared for each organ, one treatment by hot infusion and one cold treatment. Germination Percentages (GP) and Germination Speed Index (GSI) were analyzed. In order to analyze if the extracts presented some allelopathic activity regarding the development of the seedlings, the lengths of the stem and the radicle of the recipient species were measured. The results of this research show that cacti don’t significantly affect GP from seeds of other plants. However, for GSI, roots and cladodes of T. inamoena presented negative allelopathic activity for C. echinatus and C. procera, respectively. In addition to GSI, T. inamoena negatively affected the development of C. echinatus rootlets. In this way T. inamoena is a forage cactus that affects the development of the initial structures of surrounding plants. Thus, the exacerbation of this forage species in natural areas should be avoided, since the released allelochemicals can interfere with the ecological succession of the plant species of that environment.
Through secondary metabolism, plants produce chemical compounds which when released into the environment can have effects on other species, such effect is called allelopathy. In this research we evaluated the Cordia oncocalyx (Boraginaceae) allelopathic potential against two weed species, Cenchrus echinatus and Calotropis procera, as well as quantified its phenolic compounds using HPLC-DAD. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and one control group (distilled water). Each treatment consisted of four replicates with 25 seeds each, totaling 100 seeds per treatment. The variables analyzed were: germinating potential, germination velocity and seedling development. The hot and cold infusion extracts were prepared with 50 g of each of the three parts of the donor plant (bark, leaves and roots) immersed in 500 ml of distilled water at 100 °C (hot infusion) and 25 °C (cold infusion). The experiments were mounted in Petri dishes having substrate filter paper embedded in 3 mL of the extracts (treatments) and conducted in a germination chamber. Hot and cold infusion extracts of the C. oncocalyx leaves, barks and roots presented allelopathic activity on C. echinatus and C. procera germination and development, with the hot bark extract promoting such effect with a greater intensity. The allelopathic effect observed may be due to the presence of allelochemicals such as caffeic acid, quercentin and kaempferol present in C. oncocalyx leaves, barks and roots.
O modo como uma espécie está distribuída e os fatores relacionados com essa distribuição no ambiente facilitam o entendimento de sua ecologia, provendo informações básicas para o seu manejo e conservação. Apesar do crescente número de estudos em áreas florestais objetivando conhecer os padrões de distribuição e os processos a eles inerentes, estudos com esse enfoque são ainda incipientes no Brasil. A dispersão de diásporos representa uma importante etapa na distribuição de uma espécie no ambiente. Este trabalha objetivou conhecer a estrutura da população, a distribuição espacial e as aves dispersoras de Copaifera langsdorffii Desff. na mata úmida da Floresta Nacional do Araripe. A coleta dos dados ocorreu em 90 parcelas de 10m x 10m cada, nas localidades conhecidas como Coruja e Luanda, distante 3,5 km da Casa Sede do IBAMA, coordenadas 7º 14' S e 39º 28' W. no município do Crato, no período de maio de 2014 a abril de 2015. Foram amostrados apenas indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5 cm (15 cm de circunferência). O gráfico da distribução diamétrica forma uma curva exponencial negativa, indício de população estável. Turdus leucomelas e Elaenia sp. estão entre seus dispersores. A sua distribuição espacial é agregada e provavelvente está associada às condições ambientais e interações ecológicas.Palavras-chave: Copaifera langsdorffii. Floresta do Araripe. Dispersores.
The Chapada of Araripe is an exceptional landscape in the Caatinga, a seasonally dry tropical forest of northeastern Brazil, as it shelters several vegetation types, such as Carrasco, Cerrado, Cerradão and Humid Forest, different from the biome in which it is inserted. The first three phytophysiognomies mentioned above are already relatively well documented. However, studies of the Humid Forest of the Chapada of Araripe are still incipient. In this context, the objective of this work was to contribute to the knowledge of the composition and structural organization of the flora of a wetland area of the Chapada of Araripe, Crato-CE. The research was developed from April 2014 to February 2016 and all individuals with CAP ≥ 15 cm were sampled. The botanical material was collected in 100 plots (100 m × 10 m), between coordinates 7º14′36″S, 7º15′23.5″S and 39º28′50″W, 39º29′30.8″W at an elevation between 904 m and 963 m, at the top of the Chapada of Araripe, Crato-CE. The testimonial material was deposited in the Herbarium Caririense Dárdano de Andrade-Lima of the Regional University of Cariri. We sampled 3,067 individuals distributed in 59 species. The total basal area was 43,278 m2 and the density was 3,067 per hectare. The families Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae and Chrysobalanceae presented greater specific richness. The species Ocotea nitida (Meisn.) Rower, Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand, Licania sp. and Cordiera myrciiflora (K. Schum.) C. H. Press. & Delprete were the most important to the community due to the high IVI for the sampled area. The first occurrence of the genus Helicostylis for Ceará was recorded. The Humid Forest of Chapada of Araripe presents floristic elements from the Amazon Region, Cerrado and species of Atlantic Forest Domain.
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