Article Info AbstractKeywords: petroleum products sustainable transport complete costs railway ductsDistribution becomes the main link in a supply chain when transport efficiency is concerned. Being a huge size country, transport related problems in Brazil should be treated through the application of new information technology and more efficient logistic tools. This paper evaluates ducts and railway modes by the complete cost methodology to find the best alternative for the transportation of petroleum derived products, in a Case Study. The method deals with technical, economic, environmental, social and political factors being equally important, following the concepts of sustainable development. In general, only aspects related to investment, construction, equipment acquisition and financial return have been considered, which is inadequate for the effective functioning of a project. If only construction financial costs were concerned, the best alternative for the transportation of petroleum products would be the railway. However, the Complete Cost analysis shows that ducts are more advantageous with the highest valuation factors (291, 54 points) versus the railway (257,83 points). Therefore, this study contributes to a more effective evaluation and discussion about the important aspects to be evaluated in making a choice for the most sustainable transport mode.
This study aims to assess the potential for wind power generation in the town of Caraguatatuba-Sao Paulo North Coast-Brazil. The statistical analysis of wind speed will contribute to this evaluation. Data of wind speed from 2004 to 2013, corresponding to the meteorological station Caraguatatuba (code 32521) Sinda/INPE system were used. Weibull distributions for the four seasons were analyzed, and their shape and scale parameters for the wind speed data, from which an extrapolation of the vertical profile of the wind to height of 100m was performed. It was found that the average power of the wind speed is favorable to the installation of wind turbines in all seasons.
With the beginning of unconventional exploration and exploitation of natural gas in Brazil, the question of how to transport the product is concerned. Being the transport an essential part to supply energy to consumers, to move towards energy efficiency one should seek sustainability in the logistic process from the production until delivery at final destination. The objective of this study is the regional assessment of two transport modes for natural gas: by pipeline or as secondary energy in the form of electricity. Since society no longer accepts development at any cost, to determine the best mode of transport three other factors have been added to the techno-economic factor, which are environmental and social impacts, and political risks, defining specific methods to internalize externalities. The full cost analysis considers the four factors under a balanced importance degree for planning towards sustainability. A case study deals with the energy transport (natural gas and electricity) to meet consumer markets in the state of Minas Gerais, between exploratory gas fields at Sao Francisco river basin. The research method employs the most relevant elements of analysis within the four dimensions, assigning specific valuations according to transport mode particularities and providing the best product transportation mode. To attend the region demand for energy, full cost analysis points to energy transport in the form of electricity as the best alternative.
The transport sector is considered one of the sectors that cause serious environmental impacts and, being strongly associated to development, it is important to choose more energy efficient transport modes. With the growing environmental problems sustainability becomes essential in the transport sector by reducing energy consumption and pollutant emissions in the atmosphere. Accordingly, through the case study of soybean transport from Sorriso, state of Mato Grosso, to Santos, state of Sao Paulo, this study aims to define which mode of transport, unimodal or multimodal, may provide greater efficiency in the use of energy from fossil source, in both direct and indirect ways. The method evaluates the energy consumption in the life cycle of transport vehicles, ie, consumption and supply of fuel and energy embedded in fabrication. The analysis verifies the efficiency of the multimodal transport.
ResumoO desenvolvimento a qualquer custo, nos dias atuais, não é mais aceito pela sociedade, com isso as decisões administrativas e econômicas dos gestores públicos, necessitam de ferramentas atualizadas de gestão, diante disso, o presente estudo apresenta uma análise teórica de alguns métodos de valoração econômica ambiental, a monetarização do custo da poluição do ar possibilitando enxergar o custo real ambiental, servindo como instrumento para a sociedade exigir dos empreendedores investimentos em equipamentos de controle de poluentes melhorando a qualidade ambiental e ao mesmo tempo a própria sociedade entenda o ganho econômico em escala. Inicia-se o estudo por meio da de`inição dos e`luentes lançados no ar pelas usinas termelétricas a gás natural, com ênfase no fator recursos naturais; posteriormente tratando sobre a teoria do valor econômico total dos recursos naturais. Em seguida o estudo converge para a análise dos métodos de custos de função demanda, função de produção e doseresposta, e a confrontação da disposição a pagar (DAP) e a disposição a aceitar (DAA) com a avaliação do impacto econômico exercidos pelas doenças respiratórias. O estudo encerra-se com a determinação dos custos das doenças associadas à poluição do ar, ou seja, doenças respiratórias no município de Lorena, Cachoeira Paulista e Canas no Vale do Paraíba-SP. Palavras-chaveUsina termelétrica. Poluição do ar. Funções dose-resposta. Valoração ambiental.Economic evaluation as a result of air pollution in human health caused by the installation impact of a thermoelectric plant on natural gas: a case study for the cities of Lorena, Canas and Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil AbstractDevelopment at any cost, nowadays, is no longer accepted by society, thus the administrative and economic decisions of public managers need updated management tools, on this, the present study presents a theoretical analysis of some valuation methods economic environment, the monetization of the cost of air pollution permitting see the actual cost environment, serving as a tool for society of entrepreneurs require investments in pollution control equipment improving environmental quality while society itself understands the economic gain in scale. Begins the study by de`ining the ef`luents discharged into the air by power plants to natural gas, with emphasis on natural resource factor and subsequently treating the theory of total economic value of natural resources. Then the study converges to the analysis of the methods of cost function demand, production function and dose-response, and the confrontation of willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (DAA) with the assessment of the economic impact exerted by respiratory diseases. The study concludes with the determination of the costs of diseases associated with air pollution, ie respiratory diseases in the city of Lorraine, Cachoeira Paulista and Canas in the Paraíba Valley SP. KeywordsThermoelectric plant. Air pollution. Dose-response functions. Environmental valuation.
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